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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-PTI-2012</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-2012</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SHORT COMMUNICATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Фаготерапия антибиотикорезистентной пневмонии: иммуномодуляция или перераспределение?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Phage therapy in antibiotic resistant pneumonia: immunomodulation or redistribution?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4751-7416</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бочкарева</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bochkareva</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории иммунобиологических препаратов</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Senior Research Associate, Laboratory of Immunobiological Preparations</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">cip1989@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0335-2752</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федорова</surname><given-names>И. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorova</surname><given-names>I. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Федорова Ирина Михайловна -  к.м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории по изучению клеточных и молекулярных основ иммунитета</p><p>125212, Москва, ул. Адмирала Макарова, 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Fedorova Irina M., PhD (Medicine), Leading Research Associate, Laboratory for the Study of Cellular and Molecular Bases of Immunity</p><p>125212, Moscow, Admiral Makarov str., 10</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vestnik-07@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3175-2910</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ершова</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ershova</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., заместитель главного врача по эпидемиологической работе</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Deputy Chief Physician for Epidemiological Work</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">OErshova@nsi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1878-2234</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котелева</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Koteleva</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> к.м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории по изучению клеточных и молекулярных основ иммунитета</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Leading Research Associate, Laboratory for the Study of Cellular and Molecular Bases of Immunity</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">felileo@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6191-260X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Капустин</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kapustin</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории по изучению клеточных и молекулярных основ иммунитета</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Leading Research Associate, Laboratory for the Study of Cellular and Molecular Bases of Immunity</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vano-kapusta@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3480-6873</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бляхер</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Blyakher</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, руководитель лаборатории по изучению клеточных и молекулярных основ иммунитета</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Head, Laboratory for the Study of Cellular and Molecular Bases of Immunity</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">msb2222@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0307-4561</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новикова</surname><given-names>Л. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novikova</surname><given-names>L. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., руководитель лаборатории иммунобиологических препаратов</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Head, Laboratory of Immunobiological Preparations</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">novikova414@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0532-1378</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алешкин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aleshkin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.б.н., главный научный сотрудник лаборатории клинической микробиологии и биотехнологии бактериофагов</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Biology), Chief Research Associate, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Biotechnology of Bacteriophages</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">andreialeshkin@googlemail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0307-4561</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воробьев</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vorobev</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории клинической микробиологии и биотехнологии бактериофагов</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Research Associate, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Biotechnology of Bacteriophages</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vorobjew.alex2010@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Московский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени&#13;
Г.Н. Габричевского» Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>G.N. Gabrichevsky Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр нейрохирургии имени академика Н.Н. Бурденко» Министерства здравоохранения РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center for Neurosurgery</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>02</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>179</fpage><lpage>184</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бочкарева С.С., Федорова И.М., Ершова О.Н., Котелева С.И., Капустин И.В., Бляхер М.С., Новикова Л.И., Алешкин А.В., Воробьев А.М., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бочкарева С.С., Федорова И.М., Ершова О.Н., Котелева С.И., Капустин И.В., Бляхер М.С., Новикова Л.И., Алешкин А.В., Воробьев А.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bochkareva S.S., Fedorova I.M., Ershova O.N., Koteleva S.I., Kapustin I.V., Blyakher M.S., Novikova L.I., Aleshkin A.V., Vorobev А.М.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2012">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2012</self-uri><abstract><p>Наше сообщение касается наблюдений, сделанных в ходе лечения пневмонии индивидуально подобранными бактериофагами у больных с ИСМП, находящихся на ИВЛ. Обследовано 19 пациентов, находящихся на ИВЛ, состояние которых осложнилось антибиотико-устойчивой пневмонией. Лечение больных было дополнено фаготерапией, бактериофаги были подобраны индивидуально для каждого больного с учетом микробной этиологии заболевания (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Кlebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumanii). Иммунофенотипирование лимфоцитов крови проведено с помощью 2-3-параметровой проточной цитометрии. Функциональная активность лейкоцитов крови оценивалась по их способности продуцировать при культивировании IFNα и IFNγ. Уровень продукции интерферонов в собранных после культивирования супернатантах количественно оценивался как по их концентрации (метод ИФА, реагенты ЗАО «Вектор-Бест-Европа»), так и по их биологической активности. Статистическая обработка результатов проведена с использованием программы Statistica 6 по непараметрическому U-критерию Манна–Уитни. В ходе успешной фаготерапии пневмонии индивидуально подобранными бактериофагами в крови пациентов отмечается преодоление лимфопении (в случаях, если она была) и увеличение как количества, так и функциональной активности лимфоцитов периферической крови у всех больных. Зависимость между микробной нагрузкой (моно- или микст-инфекция, количество КОЕ возбудителей пневмонии, потребность в повторных курсах фаготерапии) и степенью дефицита в тех или иных субпопуляциях лимфоцитов не была выявлена. Достигнутая после одного курса фаготерапии активация иммунной системы сохранялась по крайней мере в течение 3 недель после прекращения введения фагов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Our report concerns the observations made during the treatment of pneumonia with individually selected bacteriophages in HCAI patients on mechanical ventilation. 19 patients on mechanical ventilation whose condition was complicated by antibiotic-resistant pneumonia were examined. The treatment of patients was supplemented with phage therapy, bacteriophages were selected individually for each patient, taking into account the microbial etiology of the disease (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Кlebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumanii). Immunophenotyping of blood lymphocytes was carried out using 2-3-parameter flow cytometry. The functional activity of blood leukocytes was assessed by their ability to produce IFNα and IFNγ during cultivation. The level of interferons production in supernatants collected after cultivation was quantitatively evaluated both by their concentration (ELISA, reagents from “Vector-Best-Europe”, Russia) and by their biological activity. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using the Statistica 6 program according to the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U-test. In the course of successful phage therapy with individually selected bacteriophages overcoming of lymphopenia (if there was one) and an increase in both the number and functional activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes in all patients with pneumonia observed are noted. The relationship between the microbial load (mono- or mixed infection, the number of CFU pathogens of pneumonia, the need for repeated courses of phage therapy) and the degree of deficiency in one or another subpopulation of lymphocytes was not detected. Activation of the immune system achieved after one course of phage therapy was maintained for at least 3 weeks after phage administration was discontinued.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фаготерапия</kwd><kwd>влияние на иммунную систему</kwd><kwd>активированные Т-лимфоциты</kwd><kwd>NK-клетки</kwd><kwd>IFNγ</kwd><kwd>IFNα</kwd><kwd>антибиотикорезистентная пневмония</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>phage therapy</kwd><kwd>effects on the immune system</kwd><kwd>activated T lymphocytes</kwd><kwd>NK cells</kwd><kwd>IFNγ</kwd><kwd>IFNα</kwd><kwd>antibiotic-resistant pneumonia</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aarestrup F.M. The livestock reservoir for antimicrobial resistance: a personal view on changing patterns of risks, effects of interventions and the way forward. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. 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