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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-CFO-1997</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-1997</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SHORT COMMUNICATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности изменений в системе микроциркуляции у детей с аллергическим ринитом в зависимости от выраженности дисфункции вегетативной нервной системы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Сlinical features of changes in the microcirculation system among children with allergic rhinitis, depending on the severity of dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бережанский</surname><given-names>П. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tataurschikova</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., врач-педиатр</p><p>г. Одинцово, Московская обл.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tataurschikova Natalia S., PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Head, Department of Medical and Social Adaptalogy, Professor, Department of Allergology and Immunology</p><p>117998, Moscow, Miklukho-Maklay str., 6</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">p.berezhanskiy@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Татаурщикова</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Berezhansky</surname><given-names>P. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татаурщикова Наталья Станиславовна – д.м.н., профессор, заведующая кафедрой медико-социальной адапталогии, профессор кафедры аллергологии и иммунологии</p><p>117998, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), pediatrician</p><p>Odintsovo, Moscow Region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tataurshchikova_ns@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ МО «Одинцовская областная больница»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Odintsovo Regional Hospital<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>02</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>169</fpage><lpage>172</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бережанский П.В., Татаурщикова Н.С., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бережанский П.В., Татаурщикова Н.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tataurschikova N.S., Berezhansky P.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/1997">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/1997</self-uri><abstract><p>В последние годы отмечается рост распространенности аллергических болезней у детей. По степени распространенности и влиянию на здоровье и качество жизни пациентов аллергический ринит (АР) занимает первое место среди других аллергических заболеваний. В различных странах мира по разным данным страдает от 10 до 40% населения. Аллергический ринит представляет серьезную медико-социальную и экономическую проблему. Кроме того аллергический ринит, особенно с множественной сенсибилизацией и недостаточно контролируемым течением, является самостоятельным фактором риска рецидивирования респираторных инфекций и развития бронхиальной астмы, а также существенно снижает качество жизни пациентов.</p><p>АР представляет собой многофакторное заболевание, в развитии которого играют роль многие факторы. Основой патологического процесса при АР является IgE-зависимое мукозальное воспаление, реализующееся при воздействии специфических и неспецифических механизмов и имеющее Th2-характер. Вовлеченные в процесс ткани и органы определяют формирование сложных механизмов взаимодействия иммунной, микроциркуляторной и нейровегетативной систем.</p><p>Воспалительный процесс при АР характеризуется рядом особенностей, например наличием минимального персестирующего воспаления и эффектом прайминга, что в свою очередь является предрасполагающим фактором для клинического дебюта и прогрессирования АР. Микроциркуляторные механизмы имеют важное патогенетическое значение в развитии аллергического воспаления, в том числе при АР.</p><p>В зависимости от ведущего патогномоничного признака, в настоящее время принято выделять отдельные фенотипы и эндотипы АР.</p><p>Фенотип охватывает клинически значимые свойства АР, но не раскрывает детальные механизмы его развития, на основе которых можно создать персонифицированный алгоритм профилактики, лечения и прогноза.</p><p>Вегетативная нервная система обеспечивает связь организма с окружающей и внутренней средой, регулируя обмен веществ и функции органов и тканей в соответствии с изменениями этой среды, она также обеспечивает интеграцию всех органов в единое целое, являясь одной из главных адаптационных систем организма.</p><p>Во главе регуляции функционирования организма и гомеостаза стоит вегетативная нервная система, объединяющая отдельные патогенетические звенья развития заболеваний и обуславливающая структурное и функциональное единство. В связи с этим, среди причин системных изменений в микроциркуляторном русле, которые так же отражают общие патогенетические процессы в организме, ведущее значение принадлежит нарушению нейрорегуляторных механизмов. Механизм регуляции реализуется нервно-рефлекторным путем с помощью различных нейрогуморальных факторов, сущность которых изучена в экспериментальных условиях и на сегодняшний день не подвергается сомнению.</p><p>Исследование основных показателей микроциркуляции и вегетативной нервной системы у детей с аллергическим ринитом в различном сочетании с сопутствующей патологией позволит выделить новые фенотипы АР и подобрать индивидуальный план лечения и реабилитации этих детей.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In recent years, there has been an increase in the prevalence of allergic diseases in children. Allergic rhinitis (AR) ranks first among other allergic diseases in terms of prevalence and impact on the health and quality of life patients. In various countries of the world, according to various sources, from 10 to 40% of the population suffers. Allergic rhinitis is a serious medical, social and economic problem. In addition, allergic rhinitis, especially with multiple sensitization and insufficiently controlled course, is an independent risk factor for recurrence of respiratory infections and the development of bronchial asthma, and also significantly reduces the quality of life patients.</p><p>AR is a multifactorial disease in the development of which many factors play a role. The basis of the pathological process in AR is IgE--dependent mucosal inflammation, which is realized under the influence of specific and nonspecific mechanisms and has a Th2 character. The tissues and organs involved in the process determine the formation of complex mechanisms of interaction between the immune, microcirculatory and autonomic nervous systems.</p><p>The inflammatory process in AR is characterized by a number of features, for example, the presence of minimal persistent inflammation and the priming effect, which in turn is a predisposing factor for the clinical onset and progression of AR. Microcirculatory mechanisms are of great pathogenetic significance in the development of allergic inflammation, including in AR.</p><p>Depending on the leading pathognomonic trait, it is now customary to distinguish individual phenotypes and endotypes of AR.</p><p>The phenotype covers the clinically significant properties of AR, but does not reveal the detailed mechanisms of its development, on the basis of which a personalized algorithm for prevention, treatment and prognosis can be created.</p><p>And the autonomic nervous system is responsible for setting links between the body, ambient and internal environment through the regulation of metabolism, functioning of organs and tissues based on changes in this environment; it also provides the integration of all organs into a single whole acting as one of the main body’s adaptive systems.</p><p>Since the autonomic nervous system governs the body and homeostasis uniting separate pathogenetic links of disease progression and sets the basis for structural and functional unity. In light of this, the failure of neuroregulatory mechanisms takes the lead among the causes of systemic changes in the microvasculature, which, in turn, reflects general pathogenetic processes in the body. The regulatory mechanism is implemented through nerves and reflexes by different neurohumoral factors, their nature has been studied under experimental conditions and is beyond doubt to date.</p><p>The study of the main indicators of microcirculation and the autonomic nervous system among children with allergic rhinitis in various combinations with concomitant pathology will highlight new AR phenotypes and select an individual treatment and rehabilitation plan for these children.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аллергический ринит</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>микроциркуляция</kwd><kwd>капилляроскопия</kwd><kwd>вегетативная нервная система</kwd><kwd>фенотип</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>allergic rhinitis</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>microcirculation</kwd><kwd>capillaroscopy</kwd><kwd>autonomic nervous system</kwd><kwd>phenotype</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Akdis C.A., Hellings P.W., Agache I. 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