<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-EOV-1869</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-1869</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние вирулентных и вакцинных вариантов вируса гриппа на иммунофенотип дендритных клеток, генерированных из костного мозга мышей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Effect of virulent and vaccine variants of influenza virus on the immunophenotype of dendritic cells generated from murine bone marrow</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4212-0276</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ахматова</surname><given-names>Н. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akhmatova</surname><given-names>N. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ахматова Нэлли Кимовна, д.м.н., заведующая лабораторией механизмов регуляции иммунитета</p><p>115404, Москва, ул. Бирюлевская, 1, корп. 3, кв. 25Тел.: 8 (919) 776-55-70 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Akhmatova Nelli K., PhD, MD (Medicine), Head, Laboratory of Immunity Regulation Mechanisms</p><p>115404, Moscow, Birulevskaya str., 1, bldg 3, apt 25.Phone: 7 (919) 776-55-70</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anelly@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ртищев</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rtishchev</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории генетики РНК-содержащих вирусов</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Research Associate, RNA Virus Genetics Laboratory</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маркушин</surname><given-names>С. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Markushin</surname><given-names>S. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.б.н., заведующий лабораторией генетики РНК-содержащих вирусов</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Biology), Head, RNA Virus Genetics Laboratory</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костинова</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostinova</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории механизмов регуляции иммунитета</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Research Associate, Laboratory of Immunity Regulation Mechanisms</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ахматова</surname><given-names>Э. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akhmatova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории механизмов регуляции иммунитета</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Research Associate, Laboratory of Immunity Regulation Mechanisms</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Столпникова</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stolpnikova</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории механизмов регуляции иммунитета</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Senior Research Associate, Laboratory of Immunity Regulation Mechanisms</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калиниченко</surname><given-names>Е. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalinichenko</surname><given-names>E. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории механизмов регуляции иммунитета</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Research Associate, Laboratory of Immunity Regulation Mechanisms</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шубина</surname><given-names>И. Ж.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shubina</surname><given-names>I. Zh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.б.н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточного иммунитета</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Biology), Leading Reseach Associate, Laboratory of Cellular Immunity</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бишева</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bisheva</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории механизмов регуляции иммунитета</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Research Associate, Laboratory of Immunity Regulation Mechanisms</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт вакцин и сывороток имени И.И. Мечникова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии имени Н.Н. Блохина»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>05</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>473</fpage><lpage>482</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ахматова Н.К., Ртищев А.А., Маркушин С.Г., Костинова А.М., Ахматова Э.А., Столпникова В.Н., Калиниченко Е.О., Шубина И.Ж., Бишева И.В., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ахматова Н.К., Ртищев А.А., Маркушин С.Г., Костинова А.М., Ахматова Э.А., Столпникова В.Н., Калиниченко Е.О., Шубина И.Ж., Бишева И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Akhmatova N.K., Rtishchev A.A., Markushin S.G., Kostinova A.M., Akhmatova E.A., Stolpnikova V.N., Kalinichenko E.O., Shubina I.Z., Bisheva I.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/1869">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/1869</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования – генерация дендритных клеток из костного мозга мышей (ДК) in vitro и оценка влияния вирулентных и аттенуированных вариантов вируса гриппа на созревание ДК.</p><p>Для индукции дифференцировки мононуклеаров костного мозга в ДК использовали гранулоцитарно-макрофагальный колониестимулирующий фактор (GM-CSF) и интерлейкин-4 (IL-4). На 5 сутки инкубации добавляли штаммы вируса гриппа в культуру ДК и дополнительно инкубировали их в течение 2 дней. Оценивали морфологические характеристики ДК, иммунофенотип и экспрессию некоторых Toll-подобных рецепторов (TLR).</p><p>На пятый день инкубации ДК приобретали типичные морфологические характеристики. ДК имели большие размеры с эксцентрично расположенным ядром, чаще неправильной формы, многочисленными отростками. На 7 день инкубации в присутствии штаммов вируса гриппа цитоплазма их несколько уплотнялась, ДК приобретали больше отростков, необходимых для межклеточных контактов. В зрелых ДК был повышен уровень экспрессии маркера CD11c, костимуляторных молекул CD80, CD86, CD83 и молекул МНС II. Вирулентные и аттенуированные штаммы вируса гриппа индуцировали различные варианты дифференцировки ДК, включая формирование поверхностных маркеров дифференциации на мембране клеток, экспрессию Toll-подобных рецепторов и костимулирующих молекул.</p><p>Мышиные мононуклеары костного мозга могут продуцировать большое количество н-ДК, которые могут созревать в присутствии различных вариантов вируса гриппа. При формировании иммунофенотипа ДК под влиянием исследуемых вариантов вируса гриппа обнаружено в разной степени проявление признаков иммуносупрессии. Аттенуированные варианты U-2 и M-26, полученные с помощью сайт-специфического мутагенеза, при формировании иммунофенотипа ДК обладали сниженной иммуносупресирующей активностью и не уступали холодоадаптированному (ХА) реассортанту по большинству позиций, а по некоторым позициям превосходили его. Данные исследования могут помочь выявить критерии оценки эффективности разрабатываемых вакцин против гриппа in vitro.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of this study was to generate dendritic cells from the bone marrow of mice (DC) in vitro and to assess the effect of virulent and attenuated variants of influenza virus on the maturation of DCs. Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) were used in combination, to induce differentiation of mouse bone marrow (BM) mononucleocytes into DCs. On the 5th day, distinct variants of influenza virus were added to the cell culture, and the cells were additionally incubated for 2 days. The morphological characteristics of DCs, immunophenotype of DCs and expression of some Toll-like receptors were evaluated. On the 5th day of incubation. the DCs acquired typical morphological characteristics. DCs were large in size with an eccentrically located nucleous, often irregular in shape, with numerous processes. On the 7th day of incubation with influenza virus variants, their cytoplasm was somewhat denser. DCs acquired more processes, necessary for intercellular contacts. Expression levels of CD11c, a specific marker of BM-derived DCs, and of co-stimulatory molecules such as CD40, CD80, CD86, and MHC-II were elevated in mature DCs. Virulent versus attenuated strains of the influenza virus induced special variants of DCs differentiation, with respect to expression rates of differentiation markers, as well as expression of Toll-like receptors and costimulatory molecules. Conclusions. The in vitro cultured murine mononucleocytes derived from bone marrow can produce a large number of n-DCs, that can mature in the presence of different variants.</p><p>During evolution of the DC immunophenotype treated with variant influenza viruses, we have found distinct signs of immunosuppression.</p><p>The attenuated U-2 and M-26 influenza variants obtained by site-specific mutagenesis upon development of DCs immunophenotype, exhibited a decreased immunosuppressive activity and were not inferior to the cold-adapted (CA) reassortant for the most positions, but exceeded it in some instances. These studies can help to assess the criteria for evaluation the efficiency of in vitro developed influenza vaccines.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>культура клеток</kwd><kwd>дендритные клетки</kwd><kwd>морфология</kwd><kwd>вирулентные и аттенуированные варианты вируса гриппа</kwd><kwd>маркеры дифференцировки</kwd><kwd>костимуляторные молекулы</kwd><kwd>Toll-подобные рецепторы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cell culture</kwd><kwd>dendritic cells</kwd><kwd>morphology</kwd><kwd>influenza virus</kwd><kwd>virulent and attenuated variants</kwd><kwd>differentiation markers</kwd><kwd>Toll-like receptors</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ахматова Н.К., Маркушин С.Г., Кривцов Г.Г., Акопова И.И., Коптяева И.Б. Сравнительное изучение адъювантных свойств препаратов хитозана при парентеральной иммунизации инактивированной гриппозной вакциной // Эпидемиология и вакцинопрофилактика, 2011. № 3. С. 42-53.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akhmatova N.K., Markushin S.G., Krivtsov G.G., Akopova I.I., Koptyaeva I.B. A comparative study of the adjuvant properties of chitosan preparations during parenteral immunization with an inactivated influenza vaccine. Epidemiologiya i vaktsinoprofilaktika = Epidemiology and Vaccine Prevention, 2011, no. 3, pp. 42-53. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кост В.Ю., Ртищев А.А., Минтаев Р.Р., Акопова И.И., Лисовская К.В., Маркушин С.Г. Изучение биологических свойств аттенуированных вариантов штамма А/WSN/33 вируса гриппа, полученных с помощью сайт-специфического мутагенеза РВ2-гена // Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии, иммунобиологии, 2019. № 2. С. 68-76.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kost V.Yu., Rtischev A.A., Mintaev R.R., Akopova I.I., Lisovskaya K.V., Markushin S.G. Study of the biological properties of attenuated variants of strain A/WSN/33 of the influenza virus obtained using site-specific mutagenesis of the PB2 gene. Zhurnal mikrobiologii, epidemiologii, immunobiologii = Journal of Microbiology, Epidemiology, Immunobiology 2019, no. 2, pp. 68-76. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Маркушин С.Г., Гендон Ю.З., Кривцов Г.Г., Акопова И.И., Сухно А.С., Переверзев А.Д. Повышение иммуногенности живой холодоадаптированной гриппозной вакцины с помощью адъюванта // Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии, иммунобиологии, 2010. № 5. С. 29-34.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Markushin S.G., Gendon Yu.Z., Krivtsov G.G. , Akopova I. I. , Sukhno A.S., Pereverzev A.D. Increasing the immunogenicity of a living cold-adapted influenza vaccine using an adjuvant. Zhurnal mikrobiologii, epidemiologii, immunobiologii = Journal of Microbiology, Epidemiology, Immunobiology, 2010, no. 5, pp. 29-34. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bicback K., Breer C., Nanan R., Ter Meulen V., Schneider-Schulies S. Expansion of human gamma/delta T cells in vitro is different ially regulated by the measles virus glycoproteins. J. Gen Virol., 2003, Vol. 84, no. 5, pp. 1179-1188.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bicback K., Breer C., Nanan R., Ter Meulen V., Schneider-Schulies S. Expansion of human gamma/delta T cells in vitro is different ially regulated by the measles virus glycoproteins. J. Gen Virol., 2003, Vol. 84, no. 5, pp. 1179-1188.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dalod M., Chelbi R., Malissen B., Lawrence T. Dendritic cell maturation: functional specialization through signaling specificity atranscriptional programming. EMBO J., 2014, Vol. 33, no. 10, pp. 1104-1116.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dalod M., Chelbi R., Malissen B., Lawrence T. Dendritic cell maturation: functional specialization through signaling specificity atranscriptional programming. EMBO J., 2014, Vol. 33, no. 10, pp. 1104-1116.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dowling J.K., Mansell A. Toll-like receptors: the swiss army knife of immunity and vaccine development. Clin. Transl. Immunology, 2016, Vol. 5, no. 5, e85. doi: 10.1038/cti.2016.22.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dowling J.K., Mansell A. Toll-like receptors: the swiss army knife of immunity and vaccine development. Clin. Transl. Immunology, 2016, Vol. 5, no. 5, e85. doi: 10.1038/cti.2016.22.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jiang P.L., Lin H.J., Wang H.W., Tsai W.Y., Lin S.F., Chien M.Y., Liang P.H., Huang Y.Y., Liu D.Z. Galactosylated liposome as a dendritic cell-targeted mucosal vaccine for inducing protective anti-tumor immunity. Acta Biomater., 2015, Vol. 11, pp. 356-367.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jiang P.L., Lin H.J., Wang H.W., Tsai W.Y., Lin S.F., Chien M.Y., Liang P.H., Huang Y.Y., Liu D.Z. Galactosylated liposome as a dendritic cell-targeted mucosal vaccine for inducing protective anti-tumor immunity. Acta Biomater., 2015, Vol. 11, pp. 356-367.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kawai T., Akira S. The role of pattern-recognition receptors in innate immunity: update on Toll-like receptors. Nat. Immunol., 2010, Vol. 11, pp. 373-384.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kawai T., Akira S. The role of pattern-recognition receptors in innate immunity: update on Toll-like receptors. Nat. Immunol., 2010, Vol. 11, pp. 373-384.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kost V.Y., Koptyaeva I.B., Akopova I.I., Tsfasman T.M., Rtishchev A.A., Lisovskaya A.V., Markushin S.G. Investigation of efficiency of site-specific mutants of the influenza virus in homological and heterological control infection. ECronicon Microbiology J., 2017, Vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 232-242.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kost V.Y., Koptyaeva I.B., Akopova I.I., Tsfasman T.M., Rtishchev A.A., Lisovskaya A.V., Markushin S.G. Investigation of efficiency of site-specific mutants of the influenza virus in homological and heterological control infection. ECronicon Microbiology J., 2017, Vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 232-242.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lin W., Chen Y.L., Jiang L., Chen J.K. Reduced expression of chemerin is associated with a poor prognosis and a lowed infiltration of both dendritic cells and natural killer cells in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin. Lab., 2011, Vol. 57, pp. 879-885.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lin W., Chen Y.L., Jiang L., Chen J.K. Reduced expression of chemerin is associated with a poor prognosis and a lowed infiltration of both dendritic cells and natural killer cells in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin. Lab., 2011, Vol. 57, pp. 879-885.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Paul W.E. Fundamental Immunology, 6 th edition. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins, 2008. 1603 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Paul W.E. Fundamental Immunology, 6 th edition. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins, 2008. 1603 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Polezhaev F.I. Conditions for production of thermosensitive attenuated influenza virus recombinants. Acta Virologica, 1978, Vol. 22, pp. 263-269.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Polezhaev F.I. Conditions for production of thermosensitive attenuated influenza virus recombinants. Acta Virologica, 1978, Vol. 22, pp. 263-269.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rosalia R.A., Cruz L.J., van Duikeren S., Tromp A.T., Silva A.L., Jiskoot W., de Gruijl T., Löwik C., Oostendorp J., van der Burg S.H., Ossendorp F. CD40-targeted dendritic cell delivery of PLGA-nanoparticle vaccines induce potent anti-tumor responses. Biomaterials, 2015, Vol. 40, pp. 88-97.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rosalia R.A., Cruz L.J., van Duikeren S., Tromp A.T., Silva A.L., Jiskoot W., de Gruijl T., Löwik C., Oostendorp J., van der Burg S.H., Ossendorp F. CD40-targeted dendritic cell delivery of PLGA-nanoparticle vaccines induce potent anti-tumor responses. Biomaterials, 2015, Vol. 40, pp. 88-97.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang H.L., Xu H., Lu W.H., Zhu L., Yu Y.H., Hong F.Z. In vitro and in vivo evaluations of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16)-derived peptide-loaded dendritic cells (DCs) with a CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN) adjuvant as tumor vaccines for immunotherapy of cervical cancer. Arch. Ginecol. Obstet., 2014. Vol. 289, pp. 155-162.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang H.L., Xu H., Lu W.H., Zhu L., Yu Y.H., Hong F.Z. In vitro and in vivo evaluations of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16)-derived peptide-loaded dendritic cells (DCs) with a CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN) adjuvant as tumor vaccines for immunotherapy of cervical cancer. Arch. Ginecol. Obstet., 2014. Vol. 289, pp. 155-162.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang W., Li J., Wu K., Azhati B., Rexiati M. Culture and identification of mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and their capability to induce T-lymphocyte proliferation. Med. Sci. Monit., 2016, Vol. 22, pp. 244-250.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang W., Li J., Wu K., Azhati B., Rexiati M. Culture and identification of mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and their capability to induce T-lymphocyte proliferation. Med. Sci. Monit., 2016, Vol. 22, pp. 244-250.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zheng C., Yu G., Wang H., Tang A., Geng P., Zhang H., Zhu Z., Li F., Xie X. Meta-analysis of chemotherapy and dendritic cells with cytokine-induced killer cells in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med., 2015, Vol. 8, pp. 14527-14537.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zheng C., Yu G., Wang H., Tang A., Geng P., Zhang H., Zhu Z., Li F., Xie X. Meta-analysis of chemotherapy and dendritic cells with cytokine-induced killer cells in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med., 2015, Vol. 8, pp. 14527-14537.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
