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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-EOT-1836</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-1836</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Уровень экспрессии Toll-подобных рецепторов изменяется в эмоциогенных структурах мозга крыс в условиях длительной алкоголизации и при отмене этанола</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Expression of Toll-like receptors in emotiogenic structures of rat brain is changed under longterm alcohol consumption and ethanol withdrawal</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8318-9069</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Айрапетов</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Airapetov</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Айрапетов М.И. – к.м.н., доцент, отдел нейрофармакологии имени С.В. Аничкова; кафедра фармакологии с курсом клинической фармакологии и фармакоэкономики</p><p>197376, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Акад. Павлова, 12.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Airapetov M.I., PhD (Medicine), Associate Professor, S. Anichkov Department of Neuropharmacology; Department of Pharmacology with a Course of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoeconomics</p><p>197376, Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Acad. Pavlov str., 12.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">interleukin1b@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-6078</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ереско</surname><given-names>С. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Eresko</surname><given-names>S. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ереско С.О. – аспирант, мегафакультет биотехнологий и низкотемпературных систем</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Eresko S.O., Postgraduate Student, Mega-faculty of Biotechnologies and Low-temperature Systems</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">erescko.sergei@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бычков</surname><given-names>Е. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bychkov</surname><given-names>E. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бычков Е.Р. – к.м.н., заведующий лабораторией, отдел нейрофармакологии имени С.В. Аничкова</p><p>197376, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Акад. Павлова, 12.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bychkov E.E., PhD (Medicine), Head of Laboratory, S. Anichkov Department of Neuropharmacology</p><p>197376, Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Acad. Pavlov str., 12.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bychkov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедев</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedev</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лебедев А.А. – д.б.н., профессор, заведующий лабораторией, отдел нейрофармакологии имени С.В. Аничкова</p><p>197376, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Акад. Павлова, 12.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lebedev A.A., PhD, MD (Biology), Professor, Head of Laboratory, S. Anichkov Department</p><p>197376, Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Acad. Pavlov str., 12.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aalebedev-iem@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шабанов</surname><given-names>П. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shabanov</surname><given-names>P. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шабанов П.Д. – д.м.н., профессор, заведующий отделом нейрофармакологии имени С.В. Аничкова; кафедра фармакологии</p><p>197376, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Акад. Павлова, 12.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Shabanov P.D., PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Head, S. Anichkov Department of Neuropharmacology</p><p>197376, Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Acad. Pavlov str., 12.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pdshabanov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Институт экспериментальной медицины»;&#13;
ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Experimental Medicine;&#13;
St. Petersburg State Medical Pediatric University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский национальный исследовательский университет информационных технологий, механики и оптики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg State University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Институт экспериментальной медицины»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Experimental Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Институт экспериментальной медицины»;&#13;
ФГБВОУ ВО «Военно-медицинская академия имени С.М. Кирова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Experimental Medicine;&#13;
S. Kirov Military Medical Academy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>77</fpage><lpage>86</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Айрапетов М.И., Ереско С.О., Бычков Е.Р., Лебедев А.А., Шабанов П.Д., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Айрапетов М.И., Ереско С.О., Бычков Е.Р., Лебедев А.А., Шабанов П.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Airapetov M.I., Eresko S.O., Bychkov E.R., Lebedev A.A., Shabanov P.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/1836">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/1836</self-uri><abstract><p>Исследования последних лет предоставили убедительные доказательства того, что длительное употребление этанола приводит к активации механизмов нейроиммунной сигнализации. В последнее время большое внимание исследователей направлено на изучение toll-подобных рецепторов (Toll-like receptors, TLRs), которые играют одну из ключевых ролей в механизмах активации врожденной иммунной системы в структурах головного мозга впоследствии употребления алкоголя. Известно, что активация TLRs приводит к высвобождению многих провоспалительных цитокинов с вытекающим отсюда нейровоспалительным процессом. Имеются предположения, что TLRs могут быть вовлечены и в модуляцию нейромедиаторных систем головного мозга, внося тем самым свой вклад в формирование патологической зависимости к этанолу. Цель нашей работы заключалась в исследовании уровня экспрессии генов TLRs (TLR3, TLR4, TLR7) и генов провоспалительных цитокинов (IL-1β, CCL2) в различных структурах мозга крыс (миндалевидное тело, гиппокамп, медиальная энторинальная кора, стриатум) в условиях длительной алкоголизации и на разных сроках отмены этанола, что ранее исследователями не изучалось.</p><p>Длительная алкоголизация крыс этанолом не привела к изменениям уровней мРНК TLRs в исследуемых структурах головного мозга крыс, за исключением повышения уровня мРНК TLR3 в гиппокампе длительно алкоголизированных крыс и небольшого увеличения уровня мРНК TLR3 в mEC. Однако экспрессия генов TLRs подвергается изменениям во всех исследуемых нами структурах головного мозга крыс на разных сроках отмены алкоголя. При этом особого внимания заслуживает повышенный уровень экспрессии как TLRs, так и провоспалительных генов в период отмены алкоголя в гиппокампе мозга крыс, что свидетельствует о наличии стойкого нейровоспалительного процесса в данной структуре мозга в период отмены алкоголя, которая, вероятно, поддерживается при участии TLR-зависимой сигнализации. Изучение механизмов активации воспалительного процесса посредством TLR-зависимой сигнализации в различных структурах мозга может открыть новые мишени с целью воздействия на них лекарственными препаратами. Такие лекарственные средства могут быть использованы в комплексной терапии алкоголизма.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Recent studies have provided strong evidence that long-term ethanol consumption leads to activation the mechanisms of neuroimmune signaling. Recently, much attention has been focused on the study of toll-like receptors (Toll-like receptors, TLRs), which play one of the key roles in the mechanisms of activation of the innate immune system in brain structures subsequently ethanol consumption. It is known that the activation of TLRs leads to the release of many proinflammatory cytokines with the resulting neuroinflammatory process. There are suggestions that TLRs may also be involved in the modulation of neurotransmitter systems of the brain, thereby contributing to the formation of pathological dependence on ethanol. The goal of our work was to study the level of expression the genes of TLRs (TLR3, TLR4, TLR7) and pro-inflammatory cytokine genes (IL-1β, CCL2) in the rat brain (amygdala, hippocampus, medial entorhinal cortex, striatum) under conditions of prolonged alcoholization and on different periods of alcohol withdrawal, which was previously not studied by researchers. Prolonged alcoholization of rats with ethanol did not lead to changes in levels mRNA of TLRs in the studied structures of the rat brain, with the exception of a small increase in the level of TLR3 mRNA in the hippocampus of prolonged alcoholized rats and a slight increase in the level of TLR3 mRNA in mEC. However, gene expression of TLRs undergoes changes in all the structures of the rat brain studied by us at different periods of alcohol withdrawal. The increased level of expression of both TLRs and proinflammatory genes in the period of alcohol withdrawal in the rat brain hippocampus deserves special attention, which indicates the presence of a persistent neuroinflammatory process in this brain structure in the period of alcohol withdrawal, which is probably supported with the participation of TLR-dependent signaling. The study of the mechanisms of inflammatory process activation by TLR-dependent signaling in different brain structures can open new targets for drug exposure. Such drugs can be used in the treatment of alcoholism.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мозг</kwd><kwd>гиппокамп</kwd><kwd>алкоголизм</kwd><kwd>отмена алкоголя</kwd><kwd>Toll-подобные рецепторы</kwd><kwd>нейровоспаление</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>brain</kwd><kwd>hippocampus</kwd><kwd>alcoholism</kwd><kwd>alcohol withdrawal</kwd><kwd>Toll-like receptors</kwd><kwd>neuroinflammation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Айрапетов М.И., Сексте Э.А., Ереско С.О., Бычков Е.Р. Лебедев А.А., Шабанов П.Д. Хроническая алкоголизация приводит к изменению уровня мРНК рецептора орексина первого типа (OX1R) в эмоциогенных структурах мозга крыс // Биомедицинская химия, 2018. Т. 64, № 5. С. 451-454. [Airapetov M.I., Sekste E.A., Eresko S.O., Bychkov E.R., Lebedev A.A., Shabanov P.D. 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