mimmunМедицинская иммунологияMedical Immunology (Russia)1563-06252313-741XSPb RAACI10.15789/1563-0625-2019-3-397-406mimmun-1813Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ АГОНИСТОВ И АНТАГОНИСТОВ Toll-ПОДОБНЫХ РЕЦЕПТОРОВ ДЛЯ ПРОФИЛАКТИКИ И ЛЕЧЕНИЯ ВИРУСНЫХ ИНФЕКЦИЙPROSPECTS OF Toll-LIKE RECEPTOR AGONISTS AND ANTAGONISTS FOR PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF VIRAL INFECTIONSНиконоваА. А.NikonovaA. A.

научный сотрудник;

к.б.н., заведующая лабораторией молекулярной биотехнологии (115088 Москва, ул. 1-ая Дубровская, 15; тел.: 8 (495) 674-08-43).

Research Associate;

PhD (Biology), Head, Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology (115088 Moscow, 1st Dubrovskaya str., 15; Phone: 7 (495) 674-08-43).

aa.nikonova@nrcii.ruХаитовМ. Р.KhaitovM. R.

д.м.н., профессор, член-корр. РАН, директор

г. Москва

PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Corresponding Member, Russian Academy of Sciences; Director

Moscow

ХаитовР. М.KhaitovR. M.

д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН, научный руководитель

г. Москва

PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Full Member, Russian Academy of Sciences, Research Advisor

Moscow

ФГБУ «Государственный научный центр „Институт иммунологии“» Федерального медико-биологического агентства России; ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт вакцин и сывороток имени И.И. Мечникова»РоссияNational Research Institute of Immunology; I. Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and SeraRussian FederationФГБУ «Государственный научный центр „Институт иммунологии“» Федерального медико-биологического агентства РоссииРоссияNational Research Institute of ImmunologyRussian Federation201911072019213397406Copyright © Никонова А.А., Хаитов М.Р., Хаитов Р.М., 20192019Никонова А.А., Хаитов М.Р., Хаитов Р.М.Nikonova A.A., Khaitov M.R., Khaitov R.M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/1813

Разработчики антивирусных препаратов обычно фокусируются непосредственно на вирусах как основных объектах для исследований. Однако клеточные компоненты, участвующие в жизненном цикле вирусов или иммунном ответе на вирусные инфекции, становятся все более привлекательными мишенями, что открывает новые возможности для противовирусной терапии. Toll-подобные рецепторы (TLR) играют важную роль в активации как врожденного, так и адаптивного иммунного ответа, в том числе на вирусные инфекции респираторного тракта. В данном обзоре мы рассмотрим TLR как мишень для разработки новых противовирусных препаратов, рассмотрим механизм запуска противовирусного ответа, посредством индукции интерферонов I типа, а также механизмы ухода вирусов от иммунного ответа. Также рассмотрим существующие соединения – агонисты и антагонисты TLR – и обсудим вопросы безопасности их применения.

Antiviral research has focused mainly on viral targets. However, cellular targets involved in the viral life cycle and antiviral response are becoming more attractive for research, providing a variety of opportunities for antiviral therapy. Toll-like receptors (TLR) play an important role in activation of both innate and adaptive immune systems, including a response to respiratory viral infections. In this review we shall discuss TLRs as potential targets for development of novel antiviral drugs including the mechanisms for induction the antiviral response by means of type I interferon production, as well as viral evasion strategies. In addition, we describe several new molecules that have been applied as TLR agonists or antagonists. The safety issues are also discussed.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.