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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-2019-6-1099-1114</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-1781</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Апоптоз лимфоцитов и иммунный ответ у больных лекарственно-устойчивым фиброзно-кавернозным туберкулезом с различной распространенностью деструктивных изменений в легких</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lymphocyte apoptosis and immune response in patients with drug-resistant fibro-cavernous tuberculosis with different prevalence of destructive changes in the lungs</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кноринг</surname><given-names>Б. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Knoring</surname><given-names>B. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кноринг Беатриса Ефимовна — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, научный консультант отдела лабораторной диагностики</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Knoring Beatrice Efimovna - PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Research Consultant, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sdknor@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Давыдова</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Davydova</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Давыдова Наталия Ивановна — кандидат медицинских наук, заведующая лабораторией иммунологии.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Davydova Natalya Ivanovna - PhD (Medicine), Head, Laboratory of Immunology.</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">davydova777@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аветисян</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Avetisyan</surname><given-names>A. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аветисян Армен Оникович — кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий туберкулезным легочно-хирургическим (торакальным) отделением</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Avetisyan Armen O nikovich - PhD, (Medicine), Head, Thoracic Surgical Department for Tuberculosis Patients</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">armen@spbniif.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6698-9363</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яблонский</surname><given-names>П. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yablonskii</surname><given-names>P. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Яблонский Петр Казимирович — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, директор СПбНИИФ; декан медицинского факультета СПбГУ</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yablonsky Peter Kazimirovich - PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Director, SPS RI P; Dean, Medical Faculty, SPSU</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">piotr_yablonskii@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт фтизиопульмонологии» Министерства здравоохранения РФи</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg State Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Всероссийский центр экстренной и радиационной медицины имени А.М. Никифорова» МЧС России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.M. Nikiforov Russian Centre for Emergency and Radiation Medicine EMERCOM of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт фтизиопульмонологии» Министерства здравоохранения РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg State Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт фтизиопульмонологии» Министерства здравоохранения РФ; ФГБОУВО Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg State Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology ; St. Petersburg State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>1099</fpage><lpage>1114</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кноринг Б.Е., Давыдова Н.И., Аветисян А.О., Яблонский П.К., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кноринг Б.Е., Давыдова Н.И., Аветисян А.О., Яблонский П.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Knoring B.E., Davydova N.I., Avetisyan A.O., Yablonskii P.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/1781">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/1781</self-uri><abstract><p>В основе многих иммунопатологических процессов при туберкулезе лежат нарушения программируемой клеточной гибели. Особый интерес представляет взаимосвязь активности апоптоза с выраженностью иммунного ответа у больных фиброзно-кавернозным лекарственно-устойчивым туберкулезом легких при различной распространенности процесса. В работе проанализированы показатели апоптоза, пролиферативной активности лимфоцитов, продукции цитокинов и субпопуляционного состава лимфоцитов периферической крови у больных с одно- и двусторонним фибрознокавернозным лекарственно-устойчивым туберкулезом легких. Показано, что активность апоптоза у обследованных больных тесно коррелирует с распространенностью процесса. Выраженность раннего и позднего апоптоза и, как следствие, количества живых клеток отражает степень прогрессирования деструктивного процесса в легких при фиброзно-кавернозном туберкулезе. Установлена возможность прогнозирования распространенности деструктивных изменений в легких на основе выраженности маркеров апоптоза. Клинически значимыми оказались показатели активности раннего апоптоза Т-лимфоцитов, превышающие норму на 25% и выше. Выявлена отчетливая взаимосвязь показателей иммунного ответа с уровнем апоптоза. При этом показана неоднозначность в изменении ряда иммунологических параметров при усилении апоптоза лимфоцитов, сопряженная с выраженностью деструктивных изменений. Повышение апоптотической гибели клеток у всех больных фиброзно-кавернозным туберкулезом, независимо от распространенности процесса, ассоциировалось с угнетением антигенспецифического пролиферативного ответа, снижением уровня CD25+ лимфоцитов, повышением числа В-клеток, наряду со снижением продукции IFNγ, IL-8, и повышением IL-2 в ответ на PPD. При односторонней деструкции увеличение активности апоптоза сопровождалось снижением количества CD95+ клеток, уменьшением продукции TNFα; при двусторонней деструкции, напротив, отличалось высоким содержанием CD95+ лимфоцитов, увеличением выработки TNFα и IL-10. Показателем крайне неблагоприятного течения процесса является сочетание высокого уровня апоптоза и низкого антиген-специфического ответа с низкой экспрессией СD25+ клеток, повышенным числом СD19+ и СD95+ лимфоцитов, снижением продукции IFNγ, IL-8 и увеличением выработки IL-2, TNFα, IL-10. Установленные в работе закономерности свидетельствуют, что комплексный учет показателей апоптоза совместно с иммунологическими параметрами обладает более высокой информативностью при оценке состояния иммунокомпетентных клеток, характера процесса и тенденций его развития. Выявление особенностей программируемой гибели лимфоцитов в совокупности с параметрами иммунитета позволит оценить роль апоптоза в каждом отдельном случае и прогнозировать течение процесса, с последующим обоснованием целесообразности назначения иммунотерапии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Disturbances of programmed cell death are at the heart of many immunopathological processes in tuberculosis. The relationship between activity of apoptosis and severity of immune response is of particular interest in the patients with fibrous-cavernous drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis at different extent of the process. The paper concerns features of apoptosis, proliferative activity of lymphocytes, cytokine’s production and subpopulation composition of peripheral blood lymphocytes in the patients with uni- and bilateral fibrous-cavernous drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis. It was shown that apoptotic rates in the examined patients is closely related to extent of pathological process. Extent of early and late apoptosis and, accordingly, the number of living cells reflected the progression degree of destructive process in the lungs affected by fibrous-cavernous tuberculosis. The possibility of predicting the extent of destructive changes in affected lungs based on expression of apoptosis markers is presumed. Index of activity for early apoptosis of T lymphocytes, exceeding normal values by 25% and higher were clinically significant. A clear relationship between the immune response and apoptosis level was revealed. Ambiguous changes of immunological parameters were shown with increasing apoptosis associated with the severity of destructive changes. Increased apoptotic cell death in all patients with fibrous-cavernous tuberculosis, regardless of extent of the process, was associated with inhibition of antigen-specific proliferative response, decrease in CD25+ lymphocytes, increased numbers of B cells, along with decreased production of IFNγ, IL-8, and increased IL-2 response to PPD. In cases of unilateral destruction, increased apoptotic rates were accompanied by a decrease in the CD95+ cell numbers, and a decrease in TNFα production. On the contrary, in patients with bilateral destruction it was characterized by a high content of CD95+ lymphocytes, increased production of TNFα and IL-10. An index of extremely unfavorable course of the process is a combination of high apoptosis levels and low antigen-specific response with low expression of CD25+ cells, increased number of CD19+ and CD95+ lymphocytes, decreased production of IFNγ, IL-8 and increased production of IL-2, TNFα, IL-10. The relationships found in the work indicate that the combined assessment of apoptosis indexes, together with immunological parameters, has a higher informative value when assessing the state of immunocompetent cells, the origin of the process and trends for its development. Detecting the features of programmed lymphocyte death, in conjunction with immune parameters, allows to evaluate the role of apoptosis in each single case and to predict the course of the process, with subsequent justification of immunotherapy administration.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>туберкулез легких</kwd><kwd>апоптоз лимфоцитов</kwd><kwd>иммунный ответ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pulmonary tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>apoptosis</kwd><kwd>lymphocytes</kwd><kwd>immune response</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Есимова И.Е., Уразова О.И., Новицкий В.В., Хасанова Р.Р., Кошкина А. А., Чурина Е.Г. Причины дисрегуляции иммунного ответа при туберкулезе легких: влияние M. tuberculosis на течение иммунного ответа // Бюллетень сибирской медицины, 2012. № 3. 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