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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-2019-1-59-68</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-1699</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ВЛИЯНИЕ АНТИТЕЛ К CTLA-4 И PD-1 НА СОДЕРЖАНИЕ ИХ РЕЦЕПТОРОВ МИШЕНЕЙ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>INFLUENCE OF ANTIBODIES AGAINST CTLA-4 AND PD-1 UPON QUANTITIES OF THEIR TARGET RECEPTORS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чикилева</surname><given-names>И. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chikileva</surname><given-names>I. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., младший научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточного иммунитета, НИИ экспериментальной диагностики и терапии опухолей</p><p>115211, Москва, Каширское ш., 24Тел./факс: 8 (499) 324-27-94</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Junior Research Associate, Laboratory of Cell Immunity, Research Institute of Experimental Diagnosis and Therapy of Tumors</p><p>115211, Moscow, Kashirskoe highway, 24Phone/Fax: 7 (499) 324-27-94</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">irinatchikileva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шубина</surname><given-names>И. Ж.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shubina</surname><given-names>I. Zh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.б.н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточного иммунитета, НИИ экспериментальной диагностики и терапии опухолей</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Biology), Leading Research Associate, Laboratory of Cell Immunity, Research Institute of Experimental Diagnosis and Therapy of Tumors</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самойленко</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Samoylenko</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., отделение биотерапии опухолей </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Department of Tumor Biotherapy</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Караулов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karaulov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН, заведующий кафедрой клинической иммунологии и аллергологии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Full Member, Russian Academy of Sciences, Head, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Allergology</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киселевский</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kiselevsky</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, заведующий лабораторией клеточного иммунитета, НИИ экспериментальной диагностики и терапии опухолей</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Head, Laboratory of Cell Immunity, Research Institute of Experimental Diagnosis and Therapy of Tumors</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии имени Н.Н. Блохина» Министерства здравоохранения РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N. Blokhin Medical Research Center of Oncology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова» Министерства здравоохранения РФ (Сеченовский университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>01</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>59</fpage><lpage>68</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Чикилева И.О., Шубина И.Ж., Самойленко И.В., Караулов А.В., Киселевский М.В., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чикилева И.О., Шубина И.Ж., Самойленко И.В., Караулов А.В., Киселевский М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chikileva I.O., Shubina I.Z., Samoylenko I.V., Karaulov A.V., Kiselevsky M.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/1699">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/1699</self-uri><abstract><p>Ингибиторные рецепторы CTLA-4 и PD-1 (модуляторы иммунного синапса) играют ключевую роль в регуляции иммунных реакций. Они подавляют чрезмерное развитие иммунного ответа в ответ на патогенные микроорганизмы и предотвращают аутоиммунные реакции. Модуляторы иммунного синапса представляют собой мишени современной эффективной противоопухолевой терапии на основе человеческих и гуманизированных моноклональных антител (ипилимумаб и ниволумаб, тремелимумаб, пембролизумаб и другие). При всей своей эффективности по сравнению с методами обычной химиотерапии терапия на основе блокаторов иммунных чек-пойнтов имеет существенные недостатки, а именно высокую стоимость и существенные побочные эффекты аутоиммунной природы, притом, что терапия помогает, к сожалению, не всем пациентам. Таким образом, необходимы дальнейшие исследования с целью увеличения эффективности и безопасности данного метода и выработки критериев отбора пациентов для терапии. Один из возможных подходов к снижению побочных эффектов терапии блокаторами модуляторов иммунного синапса – это использование их не системно, а ex vivo при получении препаратов активированных иммунных клеток пациентов для противоопухолевой терапии. Целью нашей работы было проследить, каким образом воздействуют блокирующие антитела на экспрессию рецепторов CTLA-4 и PD-1 в подобной системе in vitro. Во-первых, было исследовано содержание данных ингибиторных рецепторов в клетках популяции лимфоцитов периферической крови здоровых добровольцев и пациентов с распространенной меланомой. Далее было определено воздействие добавления антител к модуляторам иммунного синапса на содержание клеток, несущих CTLA-4 и PD-1, в популяции лимфоцитов при их активации в присутствии фитогемагглютинина. Наша работа показала, что присутствие терапевтических антител к любому из двух данных иммунных чек-пойнтов при активации клеток in vitro не только блокирует собственный рецептор-мишень, но и перекрестно понижает долю клеток, экспрессирующих другой ингибиторный рецептор. Таким образом, по всей видимости, введение антител либо к PD-1, либо к CTLA-4 в данных экспериментальных условиях может подавлять оба негативных сигнальных каскада одновременно. Причем ответ на антитела, блокирующие разные иммунные чек-пойнты, варьировал у разных доноров. Наши данные могут служить теоретической основой для отработки эффективных комбинаций активаторов лимфоцитов и ингибиторов иммунных чек-пойнтов in vitro для адоптивной терапии опухолей, а также служить для прогноза возможного ответа на антитела к CTLA-4 и к PD-1 для подбора персонализированного метода иммунотерапии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Inhibitory receptors CTLA-4 and PD-1 (immune checkpoints) play a key role in regulation of immune reactions. They suppress excessive immune response against pathogenic microbes and prevent autoimmune reactions. The immune checkpoints are targets of the modern effective therapy based on human and humanized monoclonal antibodies (ipilimumab and nivolumab, tremelimumab, pembrolizumab, etc). However, despite its high efficiency compared to standard chemotherapy, the therapy based on blocking immune check points is facing several problems, i.e., high therapy cost and severe negative autoimmune-related side effects. Unfortunately, this therapy helps to minority of the patients. Hence, further studies are required to improve its efficiency and safety, as well as to search for selection criteria of the patients who would benefit from the therapy. An appealing approach to reduce negative side effects from immune checkpoint inhibition is application of the blocking antibodies, aiming for ex vivo generation of patients’ activated immune cells for cancer therapy, thus avoiding systemic drug administration. Our aim was to elucidate influence of immune checkpoint blocking antibodies on the expression of CTLA-4 and PD-1 in such an in vitro model. First of all, we have determined quantities of lymphocyte receptors in peripheral blood of healthy volunteers, or cancer patients with disseminated melanoma. Moreover, we defined effect from the addition of antibodies against immune checkpoints on proportions of cells expressing CTLA-4 and PD-1 in the population of phytohemagglutininactivated lymphocytes. Our study demonstrated that, in presence of antibodies to either of the two checkpoints during in vitro cell activation, the blockade of specific target receptor is accompanied by reduced number of cells positive for another checkpoint. Hence, the antibodies directed against PD-1 or CTLA-4 seem to suppress both negative signal cascades at once, if tested under such experimental conditions. Noteworthy, the response to blocking antibodies for different immune checkpoints varied for different donors. Our data may be used for development of effective combinations of lymphocyte activators and immune check-point inhibitors, for in vitro generation of activated lymphocytes applied for adoptive cancer therapy, as well as for prediction of possible responses to antibodies against CTLA-4 or PD-1, aiming to select the best personalized cancer immunotherapy.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>иммунные чек-пойнты</kwd><kwd>ингибиторные иммунные рецепторы</kwd><kwd>CTLA-4</kwd><kwd>PD-1</kwd><kwd>ипилимумаб</kwd><kwd>ниволумаб</kwd><kwd>иммунотерапия опухолей</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>immune checkpoints</kwd><kwd>inhibitory immune receptors</kwd><kwd>CTLA-4</kwd><kwd>PD-1</kwd><kwd>ipilimumab</kwd><kwd>nivolumab</kwd><kwd>cancer immunotherapy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bally A.P., Austin J.W., Boss J.M. 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