<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-2018-6-855-864</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-1670</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SHORT COMMUNICATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>КЛИНИКО-ИММУНОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ СОПОСТАВЛЕНИЕ ПРИ Th-ЗАВИСИМЫХ МЕХАНИЗМАХ ИММУННОГО ОТВЕТА У БОЛЬНЫХ ХРОНИЧЕСКОЙ ОБСТРУКТИВНОЙ БОЛЕЗНЬЮ ЛЕГКИХ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>CLINICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL COMPARISONS IN Th- DEPENDENT IMMUNE RESPONSE MECHANISMS AMONG PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калинина</surname><given-names>Е. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalinina</surname><given-names>E. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., главный врач</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Head Physician</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Виткина</surname><given-names>Т. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vitkina</surname><given-names>T. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.б.н., профессор РАН, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории биомедицинских исследований</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Biology), Professor, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leading Research Associate, Laboratory of Biomedical Research</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кнышова</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Knyshova</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории восстановительного лечения</p><p>690105, Россия, г. Владивосток, ул. Русская, 73г.Tел./факс: 8 (423) 278-82-01</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Senior Research Associate,Rehabilitation Treatment Laboratory</p><p>690105, Russian Federation, Vladivostok, Russkaya str., 73g.Phone/Fax: 7 (423) 278-82-01</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">v.knyshova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федосеева</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedoseeva</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate Student</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новгородцева</surname><given-names>Т. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novgorodtseva</surname><given-names>T. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.б.н., профессор, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории биомедицинских исследований</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Biology), Professor, Chief Research Associate, Laboratory of Biomedical Research</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гвозденко</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gvozdenko</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор РАН, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории восстановительного лечения</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chief Research Associate, Rehabilitation Treatment Laboratory</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Медицинский центр ООО «Мой доктор», г. Владивосток</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Medical Center “My Doctor”, Vladivostok</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт медицинской климатологии и восстановительного лечения – Владивостокский филиал ФГБНУ «Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitation Treatment</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>12</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>855</fpage><lpage>864</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Калинина Е.П., Виткина Т.И., Кнышова В.В., Федосеева Е.А., Новгородцева Т.П., Гвозденко Т.А., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Калинина Е.П., Виткина Т.И., Кнышова В.В., Федосеева Е.А., Новгородцева Т.П., Гвозденко Т.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kalinina E.P., Vitkina T.I., Knyshova V.V., Fedoseeva E.A., Novgorodtseva T.P., Gvozdenko T.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/1670">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/1670</self-uri><abstract><p>Хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких (ХОБЛ) является глобальной проблемой здравоохранения. Актуальным является изучение иммунологических особенностей и их сопряженности с клиническим течением ХОБЛ. Цель исследования – установить клинико-иммунологические особенности ХОБЛ разной степени тяжести при Th1- и Тh17-зависимых типах иммунного ответа.Обследовано 132 пациента с ХОБЛ и 32 практически здоровых лица. По клинико-функциональным вариантам пациенты с ХОБЛ разделены по группам: 36 человек (28%) с легкой степенью тяжести, 62 человека (48%) со средней степенью тяжести и 30 человек (23%) с тяжелой степенью тяжести. Проводилось клинико-функциональное и лабораторное исследование. Субпопуляции Th1- и Th17- лимфоцитов оценивали по уровню цитокинов в сыворотке крови (туморнекротизирующий фактор (TNFα), интерлейкинов (IL) IL-4, IL-10, IL-17А, IL-21, IFNγ), трансформирующего фактора роста β1 (TGF-β1)), определяли экспрессию рецептора IL-6R (CD126+) на зрелых Т-лимфоцитах (CD3+) и Т-хелперах (CD4+) периферической крови. Результаты исследования показали, что у больных ХОБЛ легкой степени тяжести определялись три разных фенотипа с превалированием Th1-зависимого иммунного ответа. Уровень экспрессии IL-6R представлен в большей степени на CD3+CD126+ клетках при Th1/Th17-фенотипе и CD4+CD126+ клетках при Th17-зависимом типе иммунного ответа. У больных ХОБЛ средней степени тяжести соотношение между Th1-, Th17- и Th1/Th17-типами иммунного ответа определялось в равных долях. Уровень экспрессии IL-6R на зрелых Т-лимфоцитах и Т-хелперах возрастает в наибольшей степени при Th17-зависимом иммунном ответе. У больных ХОБЛ тяжелой степени преобладал иммунный ответ по Th17- и Th1/Th17-типам. Уровень экспрессии IL-6R увеличивается при Th17- и Th1/Th17- зависимых типах иммунного ответа, при этом наиболее значимое возрастание отмечается для CD4+ клеток при Th17-фенотипе. Установлено, что с  фенотипами иммунного ответа у пациентов с ХОБЛ сопряжены особенности клинического течения заболевания. Полученные данные позволят определить фенотип воспаления, спрогнозировать течение хронического заболевания и подобрать адекватную терапию.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a global public health problem. Studies in immunological features and their correlations with clinical course of COPD are of importance. The aim of this study was to elucidate clinical and immunological features in COPD of different severity grade, concerning Th1- and Тh17-dependent types of immune response.The study included 132 COPD patients and 32 healthy individuals. According to clinical and functional patterns, the patients with COPD were divided into 3 groups, i.e., 36 cases (28%) of mild severity; 62 individuals (48%), of moderate severity, and 30 patients (23%) of severe clinical grade. We have performed both clinical and immunological evaluation of the patients. The Th1- and Th17-specific lymphocyte subpopulations were assessed according to the serum levels of cytokines, i.e. tumor necrosis factor (TNFα), IL-4, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-21, IFNγ, as well as transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1). We have also determined expression of IL-6R receptor (CD126+) on mature T lymphocytes (CD3+) and T helper cells (CD4+) from peripheral blood. We have obtained the following results: the patients with mild-grade COPD exhibited three different T cell phenotypes were determined, with a prevalence of Th1-dependent immune response. The IL-6R were mostly expressed on CD3+CD126+ cells for the Th1/Th17 phenotype, and CD4+CD126+ cells in cases of Th17-dependent type immune response. In patients with COPD of moderate severity, the Th1, Th17, or Th1/Th17 types of immune response was revealed at similar rates. The level of IL-6R expression on mature T lymphocytes and T-helper cells increased to the greatest extent in cases of Th17-dependent immune response. In severe COPD patients, we have found a dominance of Th17 and Th1/Th17 type immune response. The levels of IL-6R expressionwere increased in Th17- and Th1/Th17-dependent types of immune response, the most significant increase was observed for CD4+ cells in Th17 phenotype. Clinical features of COPD proved to be associated with the phenotypes of immune response. These results allow of specifying the inflammatory phenotype, predicting the course of chronic disease, and selecting appropriate therapy.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких</kwd><kwd>Тh-зависимый тип иммунного ответа</kwd><kwd>IL-6 сигналинг</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</kwd><kwd>Th-dependent type immune response</kwd><kwd>IL-6 signaling</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Антонович Ж.В., Царев В.П., Гончарова Н.В. Естественные регуляторные Т-клетки и цитокины у больных бронхиальной астмой в разные периоды заболевания // Иммунопатология, аллергология, инфектология, 2012. № 4. С. 35-44. [Аntonovich Zh.V., Tsarev V.P., Goncharova N.V. Natural regulatory T cells and cytokines in patients with bronchial asthma in different periods of the disease. Immunopatologiya, allergologiya, infektologiya = International Journal of Immunopathology, Allergology, Infectology, 2012, no. 4, pp. 35-44. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Антонович Ж.В., Царев В.П., Гончарова Н.В. Естественные регуляторные Т-клетки и цитокины у больных бронхиальной астмой в разные периоды заболевания // Иммунопатология, аллергология, инфектология, 2012. № 4. С. 35-44. [Аntonovich Zh.V., Tsarev V.P., Goncharova N.V. Natural regulatory T cells and cytokines in patients with bronchial asthma in different periods of the disease. Immunopatologiya, allergologiya, infektologiya = International Journal of Immunopathology, Allergology, Infectology, 2012, no. 4, pp. 35-44. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Виткина Т.И., Денисенко Ю.К., Сидлецкая К.А. Изменение экспрессии рецептора к IL-6 на поверхности иммунокомпетентных клеток при прогрессировании хронической обструктивной болезни легких // Медицинская иммунология, 2017. T. 19, № 2. С. 191-196. [Vitkina T.I., Denisenko Yu.K., Sidletskaya K.A. Changes in the expression of receptor for IL-6 on the surface of immunocompetent cells in the progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Meditsinskaya immunologiya = Medical Immunology (Russia), 2017, Vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 191-196. (In Russ.)] doi: 10.15789/1563-0625-2017-2-191-196.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Виткина Т.И., Денисенко Ю.К., Сидлецкая К.А. Изменение экспрессии рецептора к IL-6 на поверхности иммунокомпетентных клеток при прогрессировании хронической обструктивной болезни легких // Медицинская иммунология, 2017. T. 19, № 2. С. 191-196. [Vitkina T.I., Denisenko Yu.K., Sidletskaya K.A. Changes in the expression of receptor for IL-6 on the surface of immunocompetent cells in the progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Meditsinskaya immunologiya = Medical Immunology (Russia), 2017, Vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 191-196. (In Russ.)] doi: 10.15789/1563-0625-2017-2-191-196.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Калинина Е.П., Лобанова Е.Г. Особенности цитокинового профиля у больных хронической обструктивной болезнью легких // Медицинская иммунология, 2012. T. 14, № 6. С. 501-506. [Kalinina E.P., Lobanova E.G. Peculiarities of cytokine profile in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Meditsinskaya immunologiya = Medical Immunology (Russia), 2012, Vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 501-506. (In Russ.)] doi: 10.15789/1563-0625-2012-6-501-506.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Калинина Е.П., Лобанова Е.Г. Особенности цитокинового профиля у больных хронической обструктивной болезнью легких // Медицинская иммунология, 2012. T. 14, № 6. С. 501-506. [Kalinina E.P., Lobanova E.G. Peculiarities of cytokine profile in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Meditsinskaya immunologiya = Medical Immunology (Russia), 2012, Vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 501-506. (In Russ.)] doi: 10.15789/1563-0625-2012-6-501-506.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кириллова Н.А., Деев И.А., Кремер Е.Э., Огородова Л.М., Черногорюк Г.Э. Субпопуляции Т-регуляторных клеток при бронхиальной астме и гетерогенных фенотипах хронической обструктивной болезни легких // Бюллетень сибирской медицины, 2011. № 1. С. 48-54. [Kirillova N.А., Deev I.А., Kremer E.E., Ogorodova L.M., Chernogoryuk G.E. A subpopulation of regulatory T-cells in bronchial asthma and the heterogeneous phenotypes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Byulleten sibirskoy meditsiny = Bulletin of Siberian Medicine, 2011, Vol. 1, pp. 48-54. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Кириллова Н.А., Деев И.А., Кремер Е.Э., Огородова Л.М., Черногорюк Г.Э. Субпопуляции Т-регуляторных клеток при бронхиальной астме и гетерогенных фенотипах хронической обструктивной болезни легких // Бюллетень сибирской медицины, 2011. № 1. С. 48-54. [Kirillova N.А., Deev I.А., Kremer E.E., Ogorodova L.M., Chernogoryuk G.E. A subpopulation of regulatory T-cells in bronchial asthma and the heterogeneous phenotypes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Byulleten sibirskoy meditsiny = Bulletin of Siberian Medicine, 2011, Vol. 1, pp. 48-54. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bade G., Khan M.A., Srivastava A.K., Khare P., Solaiappan K.K., Guleria R., Palaniyar N., Talwar A. Serum cytokine profiling and enrichment analysis reveal the involvement of immunological and inflammatory pathways in stable patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int. J. Chron. Obstruct. Pulmon. Dis., 2014, Vol. 5, no. 9, pp. 759-773.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bade G., Khan M.A., Srivastava A.K., Khare P., Solaiappan K.K., Guleria R., Palaniyar N., Talwar A. Serum cytokine profiling and enrichment analysis reveal the involvement of immunological and inflammatory pathways in stable patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int. J. Chron. Obstruct. Pulmon. Dis., 2014, Vol. 5, no. 9, pp. 759-773.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barnes P.J. Immunology of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Nat. Rev. Immunol., 2008, Vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 183-192.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barnes P.J. Immunology of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Nat. Rev. Immunol., 2008, Vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 183-192.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cosmi L., Liotta F., Annunziato F. Th17 regulating lower airway disease. Curr. Opin. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 2016, Vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 1-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cosmi L., Liotta F., Annunziato F. Th17 regulating lower airway disease. Curr. Opin. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 2016, Vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 1-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Durham A.L., Caramori G., Chung K.F., Adcock I.M. Targeted anti-inflammatory therapeutics in asthma and chronic obstructive lung disease. Transl. Res., 2016, Vol. 167, no. 1, pp. 192-203.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Durham A.L., Caramori G., Chung K.F., Adcock I.M. Targeted anti-inflammatory therapeutics in asthma and chronic obstructive lung disease. Transl. Res., 2016, Vol. 167, no. 1, pp. 192-203.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gan W.Q., Man S.F., Senthilselvan A., Sin D.D. Association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and systemic inflammation: systematic review and meta-analysis. Thorax, 2004, Vol. 59, no. 7, pp. 574-580.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gan W.Q., Man S.F., Senthilselvan A., Sin D.D. Association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and systemic inflammation: systematic review and meta-analysis. Thorax, 2004, Vol. 59, no. 7, pp. 574-580.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease, Inc. (2014).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease, Inc. (2014).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hunter C.A., Jones S.A. IL-6 as a keystone cytokine in health and disease. Nat. Immunol., 2015, Vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 448-457.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hunter C.A., Jones S.A. IL-6 as a keystone cytokine in health and disease. Nat. Immunol., 2015, Vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 448-457.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kalinina E.P., Denisenko Y.K., Vitkina T.I., Lobanova E.G., Novgorodtseva T.P., Antonyuk M.V., Gvozdenko T.A., Knyshova V.V., Nazarenko A.V. The mechanisms of the regulation of immune response in patients with comorbidity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. Can. Respir. J., 2016, 4503267, 8 p. doi: 10.1155/2016/4503267.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kalinina E.P., Denisenko Y.K., Vitkina T.I., Lobanova E.G., Novgorodtseva T.P., Antonyuk M.V., Gvozdenko T.A., Knyshova V.V., Nazarenko A.V. The mechanisms of the regulation of immune response in patients with comorbidity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. Can. Respir. J., 2016, 4503267, 8 p. doi: 10.1155/2016/4503267.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li X.N., Pan X., Qiu D. Imbalances of Th17 and Treg cells and their respective cytokines in COPD patients by disease stage. Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med., 2014, Vol. 7, no. 12, pp. 5324-5329.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li X.N., Pan X., Qiu D. Imbalances of Th17 and Treg cells and their respective cytokines in COPD patients by disease stage. Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med., 2014, Vol. 7, no. 12, pp. 5324-5329.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Matera M.G., Page C., Rogliani P., Calzetta L., Cazzola M. Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Drugs, 2016, Vol. 76, no. 13, pp. 1257-1270.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matera M.G., Page C., Rogliani P., Calzetta L., Cazzola M. Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Drugs, 2016, Vol. 76, no. 13, pp. 1257-1270.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang H., Ying H., Wang S., Gu X., Weng Y., Peng W., Xia D., Yu W. Imbalance of peripheral blood Th17 and Treg responses in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clin. Respir. J., 2015, Vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 330-341.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang H., Ying H., Wang S., Gu X., Weng Y., Peng W., Xia D., Yu W. Imbalance of peripheral blood Th17 and Treg responses in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clin. Respir. J., 2015, Vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 330-341.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
