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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-2019-4-643-652</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-1609</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>МОРФОФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ ТИМУСА И СОДЕРЖАНИЕ СУБПОПУЛЯЦИЙ ЛИМФОЦИТОВ В КРОВИ У САМОК КРЫС ВИСТАР С РАЗНОЙ УСТОЙЧИВОСТЬЮ К ГИПОКСИИ ПРИ СИСТЕМНОМ ВОСПАЛИТЕЛЬНОМ ОТВЕТЕ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MORPHO-FUNCTIONAL CHANGES OF THYMUS AND CONTENTS OF BLOOD LYMPHOCYTE SUBPOPULATIONS IN FEMALE WISTAR RATS WITH DIFFERENT RESISTANCE TO HYPOXIA IN SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6182-1799</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Косырева</surname><given-names>A. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kosyreva</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории иммуноморфологии воспаления, руководитель научно-организационного отдела</p><p>117418, Россия, Москва, ул. Цюрупы, 3</p><p>Тел.: 8 (926) 950-17-50Факс: 8 (499) 120-80-65</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Leading Research Associate, Laboratory of Immunomorphology of Inflammation</p><p>117418, Russian Federation, Moscow, Tsurupa str., 3</p><p>Phone: 7 (926) 950-17-50Fax: 7 (499) 120-80-65</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kosyreva.a@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Джалилова</surname><given-names>Д. Ш.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dzhalilova</surname><given-names>D. Sh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории иммуноморфологии воспаления</p><p>117418, Россия, Москва, ул. Цюрупы, 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Research Associate, Laboratory of Immunomorphology of Inflammation</p><p>117418, Russian Federation, Moscow, Tsurupa str., 3</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">juliajal93@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8581-107X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макарова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, заведующая лабораторией иммуноморфологии воспаления</p><p>117418, Россия, Москва, ул. Цюрупы, 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Head, Laboratory of Immunomorphology of Inflammation</p><p>117418, Russian Federation, Moscow, Tsurupa str., 3</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">makarov.olga2013@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сладкопевцев</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sladkopevtsev</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., научный сотрудник лаборатории патологии клетки</p><p>117418, Россия, Москва, ул. Цюрупы, 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Research Associate, Laboratory of Immunomorphology of Inflammation</p><p>117418, Russian Federation, Moscow, Tsurupa str., 3</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ichtio@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт морфологии человека»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Human Morphology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>03</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title>препринт</issue-title><fpage>643</fpage><lpage>652</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Косырева A.М., Джалилова Д.Ш., Макарова О.В., Сладкопевцев А.С., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Косырева A.М., Джалилова Д.Ш., Макарова О.В., Сладкопевцев А.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kosyreva A.M., Dzhalilova D.S., Makarova O.V., Sladkopevtsev A.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/1609">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/1609</self-uri><abstract><p>Гипоксия и иммунные реакции тесно взаимосвязаны между собой на молекулярном, клеточном и организменном уровнях, а особи отличаются по устойчивости к недостатку кислорода. Животные с высокой и низкой устойчивостью к гипоксии имеют различные адаптационные возможности и предрасположенность к развитию воспалительных заболеваний. Данные об индивидуальных особенностях устойчивости самок лабораторных животных и лиц женского пола к гипоксии и ее взаимосвязи с реакциями иммунной системы как в норме, так и при воспалительных заболеваниях в литературе отсутствуют. Однако известно, что по сравнению с мужчинами у женщин и самок лабораторных животных реже развиваются и легче протекают острые инфекционно-воспалительные заболевания, что может определяться более высокой устойчивостью самок к гипоксии. Цель – выявить особенности морфофункциональных изменений тимуса и субпопуляционного состава лимфоцитов периферической крови при системном воспалительном ответе, индуцированном введением ЛПС, у самок крыс Вистар с разной устойчивостью к гипоксии.Устойчивости к гипоксии половозрелых самок крыс Вистар определяли по времени жизни в вентилируемой барокамере «на высоте» 11 500 м. К высокоустойчивым к гипоксии относили крыс, время жизни которых составляло более 180 с, к низкоустойчивым – менее 20 с. Через месяц после определения устойчивости к гипоксии самкам в фазу диэструса внутрибрюшинно вводили липополисахарид E. coli О26:В6 в дозе 1,5 мг/кг. Животных выводили из эксперимента через сутки после введения ЛПС путем внутримышечного введения золетила в дозе 15 мг/кг. На препаратах тимуса оценивали объемную долю коркового и мозгового вещества, в печени определяли площадь некрозов, в легких подсчитывали число нейтрофилов в межальвеолярных перегородках. Определяли содержание в сыворотке крови кортикостерона, тестостерона, TGF-β. Проводили цитофлуориметрическую оценку относительного и абсолютного количества основных субпопуляций лимфоцитов в периферической крови. Оценивали число апоптотически гибнущих клеток тимуса. Для статистической обработкиполученных данных использовали программу Statistica 8.0, использовали критерии множественного сравнения Краскела–Уоллиса, Данна. Различия считали статистически значимыми при p &lt; 0,05.Как у высоко-, так и у низкоустойчивых к гипоксии самок развитие системного воспалительного ответа сопровождается умеренно выраженной акцидентальной инволюцией тимуса, апоптозом тимоцитов, увеличением абсолютного числа NK, повышением содержания тестостерона и кортикостерона. По сравнению с высокоустойчивыми у низкоустойчивых к гипоксии самок введение ЛПС приводит к более тяжелым проявлениям системного воспаления – выраженной воспалительной реакции в легких и высоким показателем площади некрозов в печени, что сопровождается увеличением числа регуляторных Т-лимфоцитов и Т-хелперов на фоне более выраженной акцидентальной инволюции тимуса и апоптотической гибели тимоцитов. У высокоустойчивых к гипоксии самок системные проявления воспаления менее выражены, что, по-видимому, связано с активацией миграции лимфоцитов из тимуса и крови в очаг воспаления и развитием более эффективного иммунного ответа. Вывод: иммунные реакции при системном воспалительном ответе, индуцированном ЛПС, у самок крыс Вистар зависят от устойчивости их к гипоксии, что необходимо использовать для разработки подходов к персонализированной терапии инфекционно-воспалительных заболеваний у лиц женского пола. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Hypoxia and immune reactions are closely interrelated at molecular, cellular and organism levels, and the individuals differ in resistance to oxygen deficiency. Animals with high and low resistance to hypoxia have different adaptive capabilities and predisposition to the development of inflammatory diseases. Data on the individual characteristics of hypoxia resistance in female laboratory animals and humans, and its relationship to immune system reactions in both normal conditions and inflammatory diseases are not available in the literature. It is known, however, that acute infectious and inflammatory diseases develop at lesser rates and are less severe in women and female laboratory animals than in males, which can be explained by higher resistance of females to hypoxia. The aim of our study is to reveal the features of morpho-functional thymus changes, and subpopulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes in systemic inflammatory response induced by LPS administration to female Wistar rats with different resistance to hypoxia. </p><p>Resistance of mature female Wistar rats to hypoxia was determined as a survival period in a ventilated lowpressure chamber simulating high altitude condition (11 500 m). The rats with a lifetime “at high altitude” of &gt; 180 s have been classified as highly resistant to hypoxia, and the animals surviving for &lt; 20 seconds were designated low-resistant. One month after determining the hypoxia resistance, the females were injected intraperitoneally with E. coli O26:B6 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg during the dioestrus phase. The animals were withdrawn from the experiment by i/m Zoletyl injection (15 mg/kg) one day after LPS administration. The relative volume fractions of thymic cortex and medulla were evaluated; the areas of necrosis were determined in the liver, and the number of neutrophils in the interalveolar septa was counted in the lungs. The serum contents of corticosterone, testosterone, TGF-β were determined. A flow cytometry evaluation of the relative and absolute numbers was performed for major subpopulations of lymphocytes in peripheral blood. The number of apoptotically dying cells of the thymus was assessed. For statistical processing of the obtained data, the Statistica 8.0 software was applied, using criteria of multiple comparisons by Kruskal–Wallis and Dann. The differences were considered statistically significant at p &lt; 0.05.</p><p>In both high- and low-resistant to hypoxia females, the development of a systemic inflammatory -response was accompanied by a moderately severe thymic involution, apoptosis of thymocytes, an increase in the absolute number of NK, and rise of testosterone and corticosterone contents. LPS injection into low-resistant rats, if compared to females highly resistant to hypoxia, led to more severe manifestations of systemic inflammation, i.e., a pronounced inflammatory reaction in the lungs and a more extensive liver necrotic area accompanied by increased absolute numbers of regulatory T lymphocytes and T helper cells, and more pronounced thymic accidental involution with apoptotic death of thymocytes. Systemic manifestations of inflammation were less pronounced in hypoxia-resistant female rats, which was apparently associated with activation of lymphocyte  migration from the thymus and blood to the inflammation focus, and development of more effective immune response.</p><p>Conclusion: immune reactions in the systemic inflammatory response induced by LPS in female Wistar rats depend on individual resistance to hypoxia. These data should be used to develop approaches to personalized therapy of infectious and inflammatory diseases in women.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тимус</kwd><kwd>регуляторные Т-лимфоциты</kwd><kwd>Т-хелперы</kwd><kwd>устойчивость к гипоксии</kwd><kwd>самки</kwd><kwd>системный воспалительный ответ</kwd><kwd>ЛПС</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>thymus</kwd><kwd>T regulatory lymphocytes</kwd><kwd>T helpers</kwd><kwd>resistance to hypoxia</kwd><kwd>female</kwd><kwd>system inflammatory response</kwd><kwd>lipopolysaccharide</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ "НИИ морфологии человека"</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Research Institute of Human Morphology», FSBSI Research Institute of Human Morphology</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аврущенко М.Ш., Острова И.В., Гречко А.В. 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