mimmunМедицинская иммунологияMedical Immunology (Russia)1563-06252313-741XSPb RAACI10.15789/1563-0625-2018-4-485-514mimmun-1558Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSРОЛЬ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЯ ЭКСТРАКЛЕТОЧНЫХ МИКРОВЕЗИКУЛ ТРОФОБЛАСТА С КЛЕТКАМИ ИММУННОЙ СИСТЕМЫ И ЭНДОТЕЛИЯ В ПАТОГЕНЕЗЕ ПРЕЭКЛАМПСИИTHE ROLE OF INTERACTIONS BETWEEN TROPHOBLASTDERIVED EXTRACELLULAR MICROVESICLES, IMMUNE CELLS AND ENDOTHELIUM IN PATHOGENESIS OF PRE-ECLAMPSIAКеркешкоГ. О.KerksehkoG. O.

к.б.н., научный сотрудник лаборатории межклеточных взаимодействий, отдел иммунологии и межклеточных взаимодействий,

199034, Санкт-Петербург, Менделеевская линия, 3

PhD (Biology), Research Associate, Laboratory of Cell Interactions, Department of Immunology and Cell Interactions,

199034, St. Petersburg, Mendeleyevskaya Line, 3

gkerkeshko@yandex.ruКореневскийА. В.KorenevskyA. V.

д.б.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории межклеточных взаимодействий, отдел иммунологии и межклеточных взаимодействий,

Санкт-Петербург

PhD, MD (Biology), Senior Research Associate, Laboratory of Cell Interactions, Department of Immunology and Cell Interactions, 

St. Petersburg

СоколовД. И.SokolovD. I.

д.б.н., доцент, заведующий лабораторией межклеточных взаимодействий, отдел иммунологии и межклеточных взаимодействий,

Санкт-Петербург

PhD, MD (Biology), Associate Professor, Head, Laboratory of Cell Interactions, Department of Immunology and Cell Interactions,

St. Petersburg

СельковС. А.SelkovS. A.

д.м.н., профессор, заведующий отделом иммунологии и межклеточных взаимодействий,

Санкт-Петербург

PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Head, Department of Immunology and Cell Interactions, 

St. Petersburg

ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт акушерства, гинекологии и репродуктологии имени Д.О. Отта»РоссияD.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Ginecology and ReproductologyRussian Federation201825062018204485514Copyright © Керкешко Г.О., Кореневский А.В., Соколов Д.И., Сельков С.А., 20182018Керкешко Г.О., Кореневский А.В., Соколов Д.И., Сельков С.А.Kerksehko G.O., Korenevsky A.V., Sokolov D.I., Selkov S.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/1558

Преэклампсия является мультисистемным заболеванием, возникающим во второй половине беременности и характеризующимся развитием гипертензии и протеинурии. Преэклампсия до сих пор остается одной из основных причин материнской и неонатальной заболеваемости и смертности. Как полагают, преэклампсия является результатом сложных взаимодействий материнских и плацентарных факторов, однако непосредственная патофизиология этого синдрома остается неясной. Межклеточные взаимодействия являются основой фетоплацентарного развития при физиологически протекающей беременности. Один из механизмов межклеточных взаимодействий связан с выбросом клетками ограниченных мембраной экстраклеточных микровезикул. Концентрация и молекулярный состав экстраклеточных везикул в биологических жидкостях зависят от продуцирующих их клеток, а также стимулов, инициирующих их продукцию. Исследование экстраклеточных везикул при преэклампсии фокусируется на частицах, вырабатываемых клетками сердечно-сосудистой системы матери (эндотелий, гладкие мышцы сосудов) и крови (эритроциты, лейкоциты и тромбоциты), а также клетками синцитиотрофобласта. Изменения в концентрации и молекулярном составе этих экстраклеточных везикул могут вносить вклад в патофизиологию преэклампсии благодаря усилению провоспалительного и прокоагуляционного состояния при беременности. Настоящий обзор посвящен, в первую очередь, характеристике экстраклеточных везикул, продуцируемых синцитиотрофобластом, а также возможной роли их взаимодействия с клетками материнской иммунной системы, эндотелиальными клетками и тромбоцитами в процессе развития преэклампсии. Понимание роли экстраклеточных везикул синцитиотрофобласта в патогенезе преэклампсии могло бы открыть возможности использования полученных данных для ранней и неинвазивной диагностики плацентарных нарушений, а также для прогноза развития этого заболевания.

Pre-eclampsia is a multisystemic disease that occurs in the second half of pregnancy, being characterized by the development of hypertension and proteinuria. Pre-eclampsia is still one of the main causes of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Pre-eclampsia is believed to be a result of complex interactions between maternal and placental factors. However, the exact pathophysiology of this syndrome remains unclear. Intercellular interactions are the basis of fetoplacental development in physiological pregnancy. A special mechanism of intercellular interactions is associated with the release of membranebound extracellular microvesicles by cells. Concentration and molecular composition of extracellular vesicles in biological fluids depend on the producer cell types, as well as the stimuli that trigger their formation. The studies of extracellular vesicles in pre-eclampsia focus on the particles produced by the cells of maternal cardiovascular system (endothelium, smooth muscle cells of blood vessels), and blood (erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets), like as by the cells of syncytiotrophoblast. Changed concentrations and molecular composition of these extracellular vesicles can contribute to the pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia, due to increased proinflammatory and procoagulant state occurring during pregnancy. This review focuses, firstly, on characteristics of the extracellular vesicles produced by syncytiotrophoblast, and possible role of their interaction with maternal immune cells, endothelial cells and platelets in the course of developing pre-eclampsia. Understanding the role of extracellular vesicles of syncytiotrophoblast in pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia could suggest an opportunity of providing these results for early and non-invasive diagnostics of placental disorders, as well as for predicting development of this disease.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.