<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-2018-3-431-438</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-1534</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SHORT COMMUNICATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ВЛИЯНИЕ ХЕЛПЕРНЫХ И РЕГУЛЯТОРНЫХ Т-КЛЕТОК НА ФЕНОТИПИЧЕСКИЙ СОСТАВ В-ЛИМФОЦИТОВ КРОВИ И ЩИТОВИДНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ ПРИ БОЛЕЗНИ ГРЕЙВСА</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>EFFECTS OF HELPER AND REGULATORY CELLS UPON PHENOTYPIC COMPOSITION OF BLOOD B LYMPHOCYTES AND THYROID GLAND IN GRAVES’ DISEASE</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савченко</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savchenko</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор медицинских наук, профессор, руководитель лаборатории клеточно-молекулярной физиологии и патологии ФИЦ КрНЦ СО РАН; заведующий кафедрой физиологии КрГМУ им. проф. В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Head, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology and Pathology, Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North, KRC SB RAS; Head, Physiology Department KSV.F. Voino-Yasenetsky MU</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дудина</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dudina</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат медицинских наук, ассистент кафедры внутренних болезней № 2</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борисов</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borisov</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточно-молекулярной физиологии и патологии ФИЦ КрНЦ СО РАН; доцент кафедры инфекционных болезней КрГМУ</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Leading Research Associate, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology and Pathology, Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North, KRC SB RAS; Associate Professor, Department of Infectious Diseases KSV.F. Voino-Yasenetsky MU</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Догадин</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dogadin</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор медицинских наук, профессор, профессор кафедры внутренних болезней № 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудрявцев</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudryavtsev</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кудрявцев Игорь Владимирович - кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник отдела иммунологии ИЭМ; доцент кафедры иммунологии Первый С-ПГМУ им. акад. И.П. Павлова.</p><p>197376, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Aкад. Павлова, 12, тел.: 8 (812) 234-29-29</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kudryavtsev Igor V. - PhD (Biology), Senior Research Associate, Department of Immunology IEM; Assistant Professor, Department of Immunology, Pavlov First St. Petersburg State I. Pavlov MU.</p><p>197376, St. Petersburg, Acad. Pavlov str., 12, phone: 7 (812) 234-29-29</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">igorek1981@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мошев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Moshev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Младший научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточно-молекулярной физиологии и патологии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Research Associate, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology and Pathology</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маньковский</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mankovskiy</surname><given-names>V. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Врач-хирург хирургического отделения № 2.</p><p>Красноярск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Clinical Surgeon, The Surgery Department No. 2.</p><p>Krasnoyarsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Федеральный исследовательский центр „Красноярский научный центр Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук“, обособленное подразделение «Научно-исследовательский институт медицинских проблем Севера»; ФГБОУ ВО «Красноярский государственный медицинский университет имени проф. В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого» Министерства здравоохранения РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences; Krasnoyarsk State V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Красноярский государственный медицинский университет имени проф. В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого» Министерства здравоохранения РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Krasnoyarsk State V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ Институт экспериментальной медицины; ГБОУ ВПО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет  имени акад. И.П. Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Experimental Medicine; First St. Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Федеральный исследовательский центр „Красноярский научный центр Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук“, обособленное подразделение «Научно-исследовательский институт медицинских проблем Севера»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>КГБУЗ Краевая клиническая больница</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Regional Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>06</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>431</fpage><lpage>438</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Савченко А.А., Дудина М.А., Борисов А.Г., Догадин С.А., Кудрявцев И.В., Мошев А.В., Маньковский В.А., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Савченко А.А., Дудина М.А., Борисов А.Г., Догадин С.А., Кудрявцев И.В., Мошев А.В., Маньковский В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Savchenko A.A., Dudina M.A., Borisov A.G., Dogadin S.A., Kudryavtsev I.V., Moshev A.V., Mankovskiy V.А.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/1534">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/1534</self-uri><abstract><p>Целью исследования явилось сравнительное изучение влияния хелперных (Th-клетки) и регуляторных Т-клеток (Treg) на фенотипический состав В-лимфоцитов крови и ткани щитовидной железы при болезни Грейвса (БГ). Обследовано 43 женщины с болезнью Грейвса. Диагноз БГ основывался на клинико-лабораторных признаках заболевания: жалобах, клинической картине тиреотоксикоза при объективном осмотре, характерных сонографических изменениях ЩЖ, а также повышенном титре антител к рецептору тиреотропного гормона в сыворотке крови и соответствующих изменениях тиреоидного статуса. В качестве контроля обследовано 67 практически здоровых женщин. Исследование фенотипа Th-клеток, Treg и В-лимфоцитов крови и ткани щитовидной железы проводили методом проточной цитометрии с использованием прямой иммунофлуоресценции, соответственно, цельной периферической крови и лимфоцитов, выделенных из ткани щитовидной железы. При исследовании влияния хелперных и регуляторных Т-клеток на фенотипический состав В-лимфоцитов обнаружено, что при БГ в крови снижено количество Treg. В ткани щитовидной железы относительное количество Treg у больных БГ соответствует их уровню в крови. Изменений содержания Т-хелперов в крови, экспрессирующих и не экспрессирующих CD25-рецептор, по сравнению с контрольными значениями не обнаружено. У больных БГ в периферической крови повышено содержание В1-клеток. В ткани щитовидной железы процентное количество данной субпопуляции В-лимфоцитов снижено относительно уровня, выявленного в крови, но при повышении содержания В-клеток памяти. Количество активированных В-лимфоцитов (по CD23-маркеру) в крови у больных БГ снижено относительно контрольных значений. В ткани щитовидной железы обнаружено еще более выраженное снижение относительного количества активированных В-клеток по сравнению с уровнем, выявленным у больных аутоиммунным заболеванием в крови. С помощью корреляционного анализа установлено, что если у лиц контрольной группы повышение содержания активированных В-лимфоцитов в крови сопровождается сонаправленной реакцией со стороны Treg (обычный иммунорегуляторный процесс), то при БГ подобный механизм нарушается. В крови у обследованных больных количество Treg и активированных Т-хелперов положительно взаимосвязано с общими В-лимфоцитами, В2-клетками и наивными В-лимфоцитами, тогда как в ткани щитовидной железы Treg полностью исключены из системы взаимосвязей с активированными В-лимфоцитами. Предполагается, что у больных БГ наблюдается не только снижение содержания Treg в крови, но и нарушение их функциональной активности.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of this work was a comparative study of the helper- (Th cells) and regulatory T cells (Treg) effects upon the phenotypic composition of B lymphocytes in blood and thyroid tissue in Graves’ disease (GD). 43 women with GD were examined. The diagnosis of GD was based on clinical and laboratory signs of the disease: complaints, clinical picture of the thyrotoxicosis with objective examination, characteristic sonographic changes in thyroid gland, as well as elevated titers of antibodies to thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor in blood serum, and corresponding changes in thyroid status. 67 practically healthy women were examined as a control. The studies of Th cells, Treg and B lymphocytes phenotypes in blood and thyroid tissue were carried out by flow cytometry using direct immunofluorescence, respectively, in whole peripheral blood and lymphocytes isolated from thyroid tissue. The relative amounts of Tregs in thyroid gland from the patients with GD corresponds to their level in the blood. We did not find any changes in the content of blood T helpers expressing vs. non-expressing CD25 receptors, as compared to the control values. In patients with GD, an increased B1 cells content was revealed in peripheral blood. The percentage of this B cell subpopulation in thyroid tissue is reduced when compared to the levels found in blood, but with increased memory B cells contents. The number of activated B lymphocytes (by CD23 marker) in blood of patients with GD is reduced when compared to control values. It was found that, in thyroid tissue, there is an even more pronounced decrease in the relative amount of activated B cells compared to the levels detected in blood from these patients. By means of correlation analysis, it was found that increase in activated B lymphocytes in blood from controls is accompanied by a co-directional reaction from Treg (the usual immunoregulatory process). In Graves’ disease, such a relationship was not found. The amounts of Treg and activated T helper cells in blood of the patients did positively correlate with common B lymphocytes, B2 cells and na ve B lymphocytes. Meanwhile, Treg’s in thyroid tissue, were completely excluded from the system of interactions with activated B lymphocytes. It is assumed that a decrease in Treg’s content in peripheral blood, along with altered functional activity is observed in patients with GD.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Т-регуляторные клетки</kwd><kwd>Т-хелперы</kwd><kwd>В-лимфоциты</kwd><kwd>субпопуляция</kwd><kwd>кровь</kwd><kwd>ткань щитовидной железы</kwd><kwd>болезнь Грейвса</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>T regulatory cells</kwd><kwd>T helpers</kwd><kwd>B lymphocytes</kwd><kwd>subpopulation</kwd><kwd>blood</kwd><kwd>thyroid tissue</kwd><kwd>Graves’ disease</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ванушко В.Э., Фадеев В.В. Болезнь Грейвса (клиническая лекция) // Эндокринная хирургия, 2013. № 1. С. 23-33.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vanushko V.E., Fadeev V.V. Graves’ disease (clinical lecture). Endokrinnaya khirurgiya =  Endocrine Surgery, 2013, no. 1, pp. 23-33. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кудрявцев И.В., Субботовская А.И. Опыт измерения параметров иммунного статуса с использованием шестицветного цитофлуоримерического анализа // Медицинская иммунология, 2015. Т. 17, № 1. С. 19-26. doi: 10.15789/1563-0625-2015-1-19-26.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kudryavtsev I.V., Subbotovskaya A.I. Application of six-color flow cytometric analysis for immune profile monitoring. Meditsinskaya immunologiya =  Medical Immunology (Russia), 2015, Vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 19-26. (In Russ.) doi: 10.15789/1563-0625-2015-1-19-26.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Савченко А.А., Догадин С.А., Дудина М.А., Мацынина В.П. Клинико-иммунологические показатели и их взаимосвязь с тиреоидным статусом у больных болезнью Грейвса в зависимости от уровня аутоантител к тиреопероксидазе // Проблемы эндокринологии, 2016. Т. 62, № 1. С. 4-9. doi: 10.14341/probl20166214-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Savchenko A.A., Dogadin S.A., Dudina M.A., Matsynina V.P. The clinical and immunological indices and their interaction with thyroid status in patients with Graves’ disease depending on thyrocytes peroxidase autoantibodies level. Problemy endokrinologii = Problems of Endocrinology, 2016, Vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 4-9. (In Russ.) doi: 10.14341/probl20166214-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dhaliwal B., Pang M.O., Keeble A.H., James L.K., Gould H.J., McDonnell J.M., Sutton B.J., Beavil A.J. IgE binds asymmetrically to its B cell receptor CD23. Sci. Rep., 2017, Vol. 7, p. 45533.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dhaliwal B., Pang M.O., Keeble A.H., James L.K., Gould H.J., McDonnell J.M., Sutton B.J., Beavil A.J. IgE binds asymmetrically to its B cell receptor CD23. Sci. Rep., 2017, Vol. 7, p. 45533.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eshaghkhani Y., Sanati M.H., Nakhjavani M., Safari R., Khajavi A., Ataei M., Jadali Z. Disturbed Th1 and Th2 balance in patients with Graves’ disease. Minerva Endocrinol., 2016, Vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 28-36.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eshaghkhani Y., Sanati M.H., Nakhjavani M., Safari R., Khajavi A., Ataei M., Jadali Z. Disturbed Th1 and Th2 balance in patients with Graves’ disease. Minerva Endocrinol., 2016, Vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 28-36.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hu Y., Tian W., Zhang L.L., Liu H., Yin G.P., He B.S., Mao X.M. Function of regulatory T-cells improved by dexamethasone in Graves’ disease. Eur. J. Endocrinol., 2012, 166, Vol. 4, pp. 641-646.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hu Y., Tian W., Zhang L.L., Liu H., Yin G.P., He B.S., Mao X.M. Function of regulatory T-cells improved by dexamethasone in Graves’ disease. Eur. J. Endocrinol., 2012, 166, Vol. 4, pp. 641-646.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Klatka M., Grywalska E., Partyka M., Charytanowicz M., Kiszczak-Bochynska E., Rolinski J. Th17 and Treg cells in adolescents with Graves’ disease. Impact of treatment with methimazole on these cell subsets. Autoimmunity, 2014, Vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 201-211.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klatka M., Grywalska E., Partyka M., Charytanowicz M., Kiszczak-Bochynska E., Rolinski J. Th17 and Treg cells in adolescents with Graves’ disease. Impact of treatment with methimazole on these cell subsets. Autoimmunity, 2014, Vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 201-211.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kurozumi A., Okada Y., Arao T., Narisawa M., Torimoto K., Yamamoto S., Tanaka Y. Induction of thyroid remission using rituximab in a patient with type 3 autoimmune polyglandular syndrome including Graves’ disease and type 1 diabetes mellitus: a case report. Endocr. J., 2015, Vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 69-75.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kurozumi A., Okada Y., Arao T., Narisawa M., Torimoto K., Yamamoto S., Tanaka Y. Induction of thyroid remission using rituximab in a patient with type 3 autoimmune polyglandular syndrome including Graves’ disease and type 1 diabetes mellitus: a case report. Endocr. J., 2015, Vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 69-75.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maecker H., McCoy P., Nussenblatt R. Standardizing immunophenotyping for the human immunology project. Nat. Rev. Immunol., 2012, Vol. 12, pp. 191-200.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maecker H., McCoy P., Nussenblatt R. Standardizing immunophenotyping for the human immunology project. Nat. Rev. Immunol., 2012, Vol. 12, pp. 191-200.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pawlowski P., Grubczak K., Kostecki J., Ilendo-Poskrobko E., Moniuszko M., Pawlowska M., Rejdak R., Reszec J., Mysliwiec J. Decreased frequencies of peripheral blood CD4+CD25+CD127-Foxp3+ in patients with Graves’ disease and Graves orbitopathy: Enhancing effect of insulin growth factor-1 on Treg cells. Horm. Metab. Res., 2017, Vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 185-191.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pawlowski P., Grubczak K., Kostecki J., Ilendo-Poskrobko E., Moniuszko M., Pawlowska M., Rejdak R., Reszec J., Mysliwiec J. Decreased frequencies of peripheral blood CD4+CD25+CD127-Foxp3+ in patients with Graves’ disease and Graves orbitopathy: Enhancing effect of insulin growth factor-1 on Treg cells. Horm. Metab. Res., 2017, Vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 185-191.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peng D., Xu B., Wang Y., Guo H., Jiang Y. A high frequency of circulating Th22 and Th17 cells in patients with new onset Graves’ disease. PLoS ONE, 2013, Vol. 8, no. 7, e68446. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068446.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peng D., Xu B., Wang Y., Guo H., Jiang Y. A high frequency of circulating Th22 and Th17 cells in patients with new onset Graves’ disease. PLoS ONE, 2013, Vol. 8, no. 7, e68446. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068446.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Segundo C., Rodríguez C., García-Poley A., Aguilar M., Gavilán I., Bellas C., Brieva J.A. Thyroid-infiltrating B lymphocytes in Graves’ disease are related to marginal zone and memory B cell compartments. Thyroid, 2001, Vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 525-530.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Segundo C., Rodríguez C., García-Poley A., Aguilar M., Gavilán I., Bellas C., Brieva J.A. Thyroid-infiltrating B lymphocytes in Graves’ disease are related to marginal zone and memory B cell compartments. Thyroid, 2001, Vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 525-530.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smith T.J., Hegedüs L. Graves’ disease. N. Engl. J. Med., 2016, Vol. 375, no. 16, pp. 1552-1565.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smith T.J., Hegedüs L. Graves’ disease. N. Engl. J. Med., 2016, Vol. 375, no. 16, pp. 1552-1565.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Song R.H., Yu Z.Y., Qin Q., Wang X., Muhali F.S., Shi L.F., Jiang W.J., Xiao L., Li D.F., Zhang J.A. Different levels of circulating Th22 cell and its related molecules in Graves’ disease and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol., 2014, Vol. 7, no. 7, pp. 4024-4031.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Song R.H., Yu Z.Y., Qin Q., Wang X., Muhali F.S., Shi L.F., Jiang W.J., Xiao L., Li D.F., Zhang J.A. Different levels of circulating Th22 cell and its related molecules in Graves’ disease and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol., 2014, Vol. 7, no. 7, pp. 4024-4031.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yuan Q., Zhao Y., Zhu X., Liu X. Low regulatory T cell and high IL-17 mRNA expression in a mouse Graves’ disease model. J. Endocrinol. Invest., 2017, Vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 397-407.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yuan Q., Zhao Y., Zhu X., Liu X. Low regulatory T cell and high IL-17 mRNA expression in a mouse Graves’ disease model. J. Endocrinol. Invest., 2017, Vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 397-407.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
