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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-CCI-1522</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-1522</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ВТОРИЧНЫХ ИММУНОДЕФИЦИТОВ (ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>CURRENT CHALLENGES IN SECONDARY IMMUNODEFICIENCY: A LITERATURE REVIEW</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4922-9303</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ширинский</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shirinsky</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории изучения мультиморбидности ревматических заболеваний</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Professor, Doctor of Sciences, Honored Physician of the Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">valery.shirinsky@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8603-3406</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ширинский</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shirinsky</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., заведующий лабораторией изучения мультиморбидности ревматических заболеваний</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Doctor of Sciences</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ivan.shirinsky@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт терапии и профилактической медицины — филиал Института цитологии и генетики СО РАН,&#13;
Новосибирск, Российская Федерация, г. Новосибирск</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine – Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,&#13;
Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>0</issue><issue-title>Online First</issue-title><elocation-id>1522</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ширинский В.С., Ширинский И.В., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ширинский В.С., Ширинский И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shirinsky V.S., Shirinsky I.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/1522">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/1522</self-uri><abstract><p>В обзоре дано определение вторичного иммунодефицита (ВИД), обосновывается его присутствие в структуре мультиморбидности, охарактеризованы последствия течения мультиморбидности с включением ВИД. Представлены немногочисленные эпидемиологические данные о распространенности ВИД, анализируется наиболее часто встречающиеся факторы риска (причины) иммунодефицита, подчеркивается растущее число этих факторов, связанных с получением новых знаний о патогенезе болезней и появлением новых классов лекарственных средств, способных негативно влиять на клетки и медиаторы иммунной системы, а также с увеличением продолжительности жизни и распространенностью хронических заболеваний. Описан структурированный подход к диагностике и терапии ВИД. Первым этапом является выявление выявление факторов риска и ранних клинических проявлений ВИД, связанных с особенностями течения тяжелых и часто рецидивирующих инфекций как маркеров ВИД, что позволяет заподозрить иммунодефицит на доклиническом этапе. Далее, диагноз ВИД выставляется с учетом как клинических, так и лабораторных данных. Подробно изложен алгоритм обследования больного с подозрением на ВИД, включающий тщательный анамнестический и клинический анализ, позволяющий обосновать объем лабораторных, в том числе иммунологического, этапов обследования, а также определить показания к динамическому наблюдению и консультации иммунолога. Подчеркивается, что отсутствие измененных показателей иммунного статуса при наличии тяжелого или рецидивируещего инфекционного синдрома не исключает ВИД. Описаны дифференцированные подходы к противоинфекционной профилактике в различных группах риска развития инфекций, освещены основные методы лечения вторичных иммунодефицитов с применением вакцин и иммуноглобулинов, с учетом индивидуального профиля риска пациента. Отмечается недостаток доказательных данных об эффективности и безопасности терапии вторичных иммунодефицитов вакцинами и иммуноглобулинами. Представленные рекомендации основаны на нескольких консенсусах экспертов (клиницистов и иммунологов), работающих по проблеме ВИД. Сделан вывод о том, что оптимальное ведение пациентов с вторичными иммунодефицитами должно осуществляться мультидисциплинарной командой клиницистов с обязательным участием иммунолога, что особенно важно в условиях нарастающей мультиморбидности и полипрагмазии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This review provides a definition of secondary immunodeficiency (SID), substantiates its role within the framework of multimorbidity, and examines the clinical consequences of multimorbidity when SID is present. The article summarizes the limited available epidemiological data on the prevalence of SID, analyzes the most common risk factors and causes of immunodeficiency, and highlights the expanding spectrum of these factors in light of recent advances in understanding disease pathogenesis and the pharmacodynamics of modern drugs that may adversely affect immune cells and mediators.</p><p>A structured clinical pathway for medical management is proposed, starting with the identification of risk factors and early clinical manifestations of SID—particularly severe and recurrent infections as key clinical markers—and culminating in the diagnosis of immunodeficiency. These recommendations are based on expert consensus statements developed by multidisciplinary teams of clinicians and immunologists.</p><p>The review also presents a detailed diagnostic algorithm for patients with suspected secondary immunodeficiency, including comprehensive medical history taking and clinical assessment to guide appropriate laboratory evaluation, including immunological testing. It is emphasized that normal immune parameters do not exclude the diagnosis of SID in patients with severe or recurrent infections.</p><p>Approaches to differentiated anti-infective prophylaxis across various risk groups are discussed, along with the main therapeutic strategies for SID, including vaccination and immunoglobulin therapy. At the same time, the limited evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of vaccines and immunoglobulins in the treatment of SID is highlighted. The article concludes that optimal management of patients with SID requires a multidisciplinary clinical team, with mandatory involvement of a clinical immunologist.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вторичные иммунодефициты</kwd><kwd>факторы риска</kwd><kwd>признаки раннего иммунодефицита</kwd><kwd>тяжелая инфекция</kwd><kwd>этапы обследования больного с  иммунодефицитом</kwd><kwd>иммунный статус</kwd><kwd>мультиморбидность</kwd><kwd>противоинфекционная терапия</kwd><kwd>вакцинотерапия</kwd><kwd>терапия иммуноглобулинами</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>secondary immunodeficiencies</kwd><kwd>risk factors</kwd><kwd>signs of early immunodeficiency</kwd><kwd>severe infection</kwd><kwd>stages of examination of a patient with immunodeficiency</kwd><kwd>immune status</kwd><kwd>multimorbidity</kwd><kwd>anti-infective therapy</kwd><kwd>vaccine therapy</kwd><kwd>immunoglobulin therapy</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Подготовка обзора осуществлялась за счет средств, направленных на выполнение государственного задания НИИТПМ – филиал ИЦиГ, тема FWNR-2024-0002.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The preparation of  review was funded by State assignment to Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine (NIITPM) –Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, registration FWNR-2024-0002</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Малышева О. 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