mimmunМедицинская иммунологияMedical Immunology (Russia)1563-06252313-741XSPb RAACI10.15789/1563-0625-2017-6-657-672mimmun-1390Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА И РОЛЬ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ПОПУЛЯЦИЙ МАКРОФАГОВ В ПАТОГЕНЕЗЕ ОСТРЫХ И ХРОНИЧЕСКИХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ ЛЕГКИХCHARACTERISTICS AND ROLE OF MACROPHAGES IN PATHOGENESIS OF ACUTE AND CHRONIC LUNG DISEASESНиконоваА. А.NikonovaA. A.

к.б.н., заведующая лабораторией молекулярной биотехнологии ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт вакцин и сывороток им. И.И. Мечникова»; ФГБУ «ГНЦ Институт иммунологии» ФМБА России

115478, Россия, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24/2

PhD (Biology), Head, Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera; NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA

115478, Russian Federation, Moscow, Kashirskoe rd, 24/2

aa.nikonova@nrcii.ruХаитовМ. Р.KhaitovM. R.

д.м.н., профессор, член-корреспондент РАН, исполняющий обязанности директора ФГБУ «ГНЦ Институт иммунологии» ФМБА России

115478, Россия, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24/2

PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Corresponding Member, Russian Academy of Sciences, Acting Director

115478, Russian Federation, Moscow, Kashirskoe rd, 24/2

ХаитовР. М.KhaitovR. M.

д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН, научный руководитель ФГБУ «ГНЦ Институт иммунологии» ФМБА России

115478, Россия, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24/2

PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Full Member, Russian Academy of Sciences, Research Director

115478, Russian Federation, Moscow, Kashirskoe rd, 24/2

ФГБУ «ГНЦ Институт иммунологии» ФМБА России; ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт вакцин и сывороток им. И.И. Мечникова»РоссияNRC Institute of Immunology FMBA; Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and SeraRussian FederationФГБУ «ГНЦ Институт иммунологии» ФМБА РоссииРоссияNRC Institute of Immunology FMBARussian Federation201701122017196657672Copyright © Никонова А.А., Хаитов М.Р., Хаитов Р.М., 20172017Никонова А.А., Хаитов М.Р., Хаитов Р.М.Nikonova A.A., Khaitov M.R., Khaitov R.M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/1390

Макрофаги являются одной из самых многочисленных популяций клеток респираторного тракта, отличающейся способностью приобретать разнообразные фенотипы, в зависимости от сигналов микроокружения (классически активированные М1, альтернативно активированные М2). Есть все основания полагать, что различные популяции макрофагов принимают участие как в защите организма от инфекционных патогенов, так и в предотвращении неконтролируемого воспаления в тканях. Изменение фенотипов макрофагов в легких характерно для многих заболеваний респираторного тракта, включая бронхиальную астму, хроническую обструктивную болезнь легких, легочный фиброз и инфекционные заболевания. В данном литературном обзоре мы сфокусировались на биологии, происхождении и характеристике известных фенотипов макрофагов, а также представили современные данные об их роли в развитии хронических заболеваний легких – бронхиальной астмы и хронической обструктивной болезни легких, а также острых заболеваний бактериальной и вирусной природы.

Macrophages are among the most abundant cells of the respiratory tract, being characterized by their ability to have different phenotypes, depending on signals from the microenvironment (classically activated M1, alternatively activated M2). Despite contradictory literature data describing role of various macrophage phenotypes, they appear to be coupled to the systems protecting the organism from infectious pathogens and preventing development of excessive tissue responses. Phenotypical changes of lung macrophages are found in various respiratory diseases including bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary fibrosis and infectious conditions. In this review article, we focused on the biology, origin and characterization of different macrophage phenotypes, and presented current data highlighting their role in development of chronic lung diseases, i.e., bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and acute infectious diseases.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.