<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-2017-3-301-306</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-1264</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ЦИТОКИНОВЫЙ СТАТУС БЕРЕМЕННЫХ С МЕТАБОЛИЧЕСКИМИ НАРУШЕНИЯМИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>CYTOKINE PROFILE IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH METABOLIC DISORDERS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прохоренко</surname><given-names>Т. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Prokhorenko</surname><given-names>T. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., научный сотрудник центральной научно-исследовательской лаборатории</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Research Associate, Central Research Laboratory</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mmikld.ssmu@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зима</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zima</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., главный научный сотрудник центральной научно-исследовательской лаборатории, профессор кафедры патофизиологии ФГБОУ ВО «Сибирский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения РФ, г. Томск; старший научный сотрудник лаборатории иммунологии и клеточных биотехнологий ФГАОУ ВО «Балтийский федеральный университет имени И. Канта», г. Калининград</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Main Research Associate, Central Research Laboratory, Professor, Department of Pathophysiology, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk; Senior Research Associate, Laboratory of Immunology and Cell Biotechnolog, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mmikld.ssmu@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саприна</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Saprina</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., доцент, профессор кафедры эндокринологии и диабетологии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mmikld.ssmu@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новицкий</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novitskiy</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН, заслуженный деятель науки РФ, заведующий кафедрой патофизиологии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Full Member, Russian Academy of Sciences, Head, Department of Pathophysiology</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mmikld.ssmu@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тодосенко</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Todosenko</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории иммунологии и клеточных биотехнологий</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Research Associate, Laboratory of Immunology and Cell Biotechnologies</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mmikld.ssmu@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Литвинова</surname><given-names>Л. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Litvinova</surname><given-names>L. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., заведующая лабораторией иммунологии и клеточных биотехнологий</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Head, Laboratory of Immunology and Cell Biotechnology</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mmikld.ssmu@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Сибирский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения РФ, г. Томск</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Сибирский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения РФ, г. Томск&#13;
ФГАОУ ВО «Балтийский федеральный университет имени И. Канта», г. Калининград</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk&#13;
Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Балтийский федеральный университет имени И. Канта», г. Калининград</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>07</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>301</fpage><lpage>306</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Прохоренко Т.С., Зима А.П., Саприна Т.В., Новицкий В.В., Тодосенко Н.М., Литвинова Л.С., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Прохоренко Т.С., Зима А.П., Саприна Т.В., Новицкий В.В., Тодосенко Н.М., Литвинова Л.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Prokhorenko T.S., Zima A.P., Saprina T.V., Novitskiy V.V., Todosenko N.M., Litvinova L.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/1264">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/1264</self-uri><abstract><p>Методом проточной флюориметрии с использованием мультиплексной тест-системы проведено определение концентрации цитокинов (IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, GM-CSF, IFNγ, TNFα) в сыворотке крови беременных в зависимости от вида метаболических нарушений: при гестационном сахарном диабете, ожирении и их сочетании. Изменение цитокинового профиля у беременных с избыточной массой тела или ожирением и беременных с гестационныи сахарным диабетом оказалось значительно схожим. У беременных, имеющих избыточный вес или ожирение, выявлено повышение концентрации в крови IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IFNγ и TNFα; у беременных с гестационным сахарным диабетом – повышение содержания в крови IL-2, IL-6, IL-10 и TNFα. При беременности, отягощенной гестационным сахарным диабетом и ожирением, изменения цитокинового профиля носили наиболее выраженный характер. У данных женщин определена повышенная концентрация в крови IL-6, TNFα, GM-CSF и IFNγ на фоне низкого содержания IL-2 и IL-10. Обсуждаются причины и последствия развития у беременных субклинического воспаления. Дается заключение, что у беременных с метаболическими нарушениями субклиническое воспаление развивается с ранних стадий ожирения или нарушения углеводного обмена. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Serum concentrations of cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, GM-CSF, IFNγ, TNFα) were determined in blood serum of pregnant women with different types of metabolic disorders, i.e., gestational diabetes, obesity, and a combination of those disorders. The study was performed by means of flow fluorimetry, using a multiplex test system. Changes of cytokine profiles in pregnant women with overweight or obesity, and pregnant women with gestational diabetes showed some similarities. In pregnant women with overweight or obesity we have found an increase in blood concentrations of IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IFNγ, and TNFa. Meanwhile, an increase in blood levels of IL-2, IL-6, IL-10 and TNFα was revealed in pregnant women with gestational diabetes. The changes in cytokine profile were most pronounced in cases of pregnancy complicated with gestational diabetes and obesity. In these women, increased IL-6, TNFα, GM-CSF and IFNg concentrations were revealed in blood, along with low contents of IL-2 and IL-10. Potential causes and consequences of suggested subclinical inflammation in pregnant women are discussed. We conclude that pregnant women with metabolic disorders may develop a subclinical inflammation at the early stages of obesity, or metabolic disturbances.</p><p> </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>цитокины</kwd><kwd>беременность</kwd><kwd>ожирение</kwd><kwd>гестационный сахарный диабет</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cytokines</kwd><kwd>pregnancy</kwd><kwd>obesity</kwd><kwd>gestational diabetes mellitus</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аржанова О.Н., Капустин Р.В., Комаров Е.К., Кветной И.М., Полякова В.О. Патогенетические механизмы развития акушерских осложнений при гестационном сахарном диабете // Журнал акушерства и женских болезней, 2011. № 5 С. 3-10. [Arzhanova O.N., Kapustin R.V, Komarov E.K., Kvetnoy I.M., Polyakov V.O. Pathogenic mechanisms of obstetric complications of gestational diabetes. Zhurnal akusherstva i zhenskikh bolezney = Journal of Obstetrics and Women Diseases, 2011, no. 5, pp. 3-10. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Аржанова О.Н., Капустин Р.В., Комаров Е.К., Кветной И.М., Полякова В.О. Патогенетические механизмы развития акушерских осложнений при гестационном сахарном диабете // Журнал акушерства и женских болезней, 2011. № 5 С. 3-10. [Arzhanova O.N., Kapustin R.V, Komarov E.K., Kvetnoy I.M., Polyakov V.O. Pathogenic mechanisms of obstetric complications of gestational diabetes. Zhurnal akusherstva i zhenskikh bolezney = Journal of Obstetrics and Women Diseases, 2011, no. 5, pp. 3-10. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кологривова И.В., Суслова Т.Е., Кошельская О.А., Винницкая И.В., Трубачева О.А. Система матриксных металлопротеиназ и секреция цитокинов при сахарном диабете 2-го типа и нарушении толерантности к углеводам, ассоциированных с артериальной гипертензией // Бюллетень экспериментальной биологии и медицины, 2013. Т. 156, № 11. С. 578-581. [Kologrivova I.V., Suslova T.E., Koshelskaya O.А., Vinnitskaya I.V., Trubacheva O.А. System of matrix metalloproteinases and cytokine secretion in type 2 diabetes mellitus and impaired carbohydrate tolerance associated with arterial hypertension. Byulleten eksperimentalnoy biologii i meditsiny = Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2013, no. 11, pp. 578-581. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Кологривова И.В., Суслова Т.Е., Кошельская О.А., Винницкая И.В., Трубачева О.А. Система матриксных металлопротеиназ и секреция цитокинов при сахарном диабете 2-го типа и нарушении толерантности к углеводам, ассоциированных с артериальной гипертензией // Бюллетень экспериментальной биологии и медицины, 2013. Т. 156, № 11. С. 578-581. [Kologrivova I.V., Suslova T.E., Koshelskaya O.А., Vinnitskaya I.V., Trubacheva O.А. System of matrix metalloproteinases and cytokine secretion in type 2 diabetes mellitus and impaired carbohydrate tolerance associated with arterial hypertension. Byulleten eksperimentalnoy biologii i meditsiny = Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2013, no. 11, pp. 578-581. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Литвинова Л.С., Кириенкова Е.В., Аксенова Н.Н., Газатова Н.Д., Затолокин П.А. Особенности клеточного иммунитета и цитокинового репертуара у пациентов с метаболическим синдромом // Бюллетень сибирской медицины, 2012, № 3. С. 53-58. [Litvinova L.S., Kirienkova Ye.V., Aksenova N.N., Gazatova N.D., Zatolokin P.A. Features of cellular immunity and cytokine repertoire in patients with metabolic syndrome. Byulleten sibirskoy meditsiny = Bulletin of Siberian Medicine, 2012, no. 3, pp. 53-58. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Литвинова Л.С., Кириенкова Е.В., Аксенова Н.Н., Газатова Н.Д., Затолокин П.А. Особенности клеточного иммунитета и цитокинового репертуара у пациентов с метаболическим синдромом // Бюллетень сибирской медицины, 2012, № 3. С. 53-58. [Litvinova L.S., Kirienkova Ye.V., Aksenova N.N., Gazatova N.D., Zatolokin P.A. Features of cellular immunity and cytokine repertoire in patients with metabolic syndrome. Byulleten sibirskoy meditsiny = Bulletin of Siberian Medicine, 2012, no. 3, pp. 53-58. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Литвинова Л.С., Кириенкова Е.В., Газатова Н.Д., Затолокин П.А., Василенко М.А., Аксенова Н.Н., Симбирцев А.С. Особенности цитокинпродуцирующей способности мононуклеаных клеток пери- ферической крови при метаболическом синдроме // Цитокины и воспаление, 2013. Т. 12, № 3. С. 56-60. [Litvinova L.S., Kirienkova E.V., Gazatova N.D., Zatolokin P.A., Vasilenko M.A., Aksenova N.N., Simbirtsev A.S. Features cytokine mononukleanyh ability of peripheral blood cells of patients with metabolic syndrome. Tsitokiny i vospalenie = Cytokines and Inflammation, 2013, Vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 56-60. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Литвинова Л.С., Кириенкова Е.В., Газатова Н.Д., Затолокин П.А., Василенко М.А., Аксенова Н.Н., Симбирцев А.С. Особенности цитокинпродуцирующей способности мононуклеаных клеток пери- ферической крови при метаболическом синдроме // Цитокины и воспаление, 2013. Т. 12, № 3. С. 56-60. [Litvinova L.S., Kirienkova E.V., Gazatova N.D., Zatolokin P.A., Vasilenko M.A., Aksenova N.N., Simbirtsev A.S. Features cytokine mononukleanyh ability of peripheral blood cells of patients with metabolic syndrome. Tsitokiny i vospalenie = Cytokines and Inflammation, 2013, Vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 56-60. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Саприна Т.В., Лазаренко Ф.Э., Прохоренко Т.С., Рязанцева Н.В., Ворожцова И.Н. Роль Th1/Th2 дисбаланса иммунного ответа в детерминации клинических особенностей аутоиммунного сахарного диабета взрослых // Сахарный диабет, 2011. № 2. С. 12-17. [Saprina T.V., Lazarenko F.E., Prokhorenko T.S., Ryazantseva N.V., Vorozhtsova I.N. The role of Th1/Th2 immune response imbalance determination in clinical features of autoimmune diabetes adult. Sakharnyy diabet = Diabetes Mellitus, 2011, no. 2, pp. 12-17. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Саприна Т.В., Лазаренко Ф.Э., Прохоренко Т.С., Рязанцева Н.В., Ворожцова И.Н. Роль Th1/Th2 дисбаланса иммунного ответа в детерминации клинических особенностей аутоиммунного сахарного диабета взрослых // Сахарный диабет, 2011. № 2. С. 12-17. [Saprina T.V., Lazarenko F.E., Prokhorenko T.S., Ryazantseva N.V., Vorozhtsova I.N. The role of Th1/Th2 immune response imbalance determination in clinical features of autoimmune diabetes adult. Sakharnyy diabet = Diabetes Mellitus, 2011, no. 2, pp. 12-17. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Catalano P.M. Trying to understand gestational diabetes. Diabet Med., 2014, no. 31, pp. 273-281.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Catalano P.M. Trying to understand gestational diabetes. Diabet Med., 2014, no. 31, pp. 273-281.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chang Y., Piao S.L., Gao S., Zheng D.M. Regulatory effects of micronutrient complex on the expression of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in diabetic C57BL mice. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu., 2005, Vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 64-66.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chang Y., Piao S.L., Gao S., Zheng D.M. Regulatory effects of micronutrient complex on the expression of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in diabetic C57BL mice. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu., 2005, Vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 64-66.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dicker D., Salook M.A., Marcoviciu D., Djaldetti M., Bessler H. Role of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the predisposition of obese individuals to inflammation and infection. Obes Facts, 2013, Vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 146-151.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dicker D., Salook M.A., Marcoviciu D., Djaldetti M., Bessler H. Role of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the predisposition of obese individuals to inflammation and infection. Obes Facts, 2013, Vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 146-151.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ganz T. Hepcidin, a key regulator of iron metabolism and mediator of anemia of inflammation. Blood, 2003, Vol. 102, no. 3, pp. 783-788.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ganz T. Hepcidin, a key regulator of iron metabolism and mediator of anemia of inflammation. Blood, 2003, Vol. 102, no. 3, pp. 783-788.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lacey D.C., Achuthan A., Fleetwood A.J., Dinh H., Roiniotis J., Scholz G.M., Chang M.W., Beckman S.K., Cook A.D., Hamilton J.A. Defining GM-CSF- and macrophage-CSF-dependent macrophage responses by in vitro models. J. Immunol., 2012, Vol. 188, pp. 5752-5765.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lacey D.C., Achuthan A., Fleetwood A.J., Dinh H., Roiniotis J., Scholz G.M., Chang M.W., Beckman S.K., Cook A.D., Hamilton J.A. Defining GM-CSF- and macrophage-CSF-dependent macrophage responses by in vitro models. J. Immunol., 2012, Vol. 188, pp. 5752-5765.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lucas R., Parikh S.J., Sridhar S., Guo H., Bhagatwala J., Dong Y., Caldwell R., Mellor A., Caldwell W., Zhu H., Dong Y. Cytokine profiling of young overweight and obese female African American adults with prediabetes. Cytokine, 2013, Vol. 64, no. 1, pp. 310-315.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lucas R., Parikh S.J., Sridhar S., Guo H., Bhagatwala J., Dong Y., Caldwell R., Mellor A., Caldwell W., Zhu H., Dong Y. Cytokine profiling of young overweight and obese female African American adults with prediabetes. Cytokine, 2013, Vol. 64, no. 1, pp. 310-315.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lumeng C.N., Bodzin J.L., Saltiel A.R. Obesity induces a phenotypic switch in adipose tissue macrophage polarization. J. Clin. Invest., 2007, Vol. 117, pp. 175-184.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lumeng C.N., Bodzin J.L., Saltiel A.R. Obesity induces a phenotypic switch in adipose tissue macrophage polarization. J. Clin. Invest., 2007, Vol. 117, pp. 175-184.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Metzger B.E., Gabbe S.G., Persson B., Buchanan T.A., Catalano P.A., Damm P., Dyer A.R., Leiva A., Hod M., Kitzmiler J.L., Lowe L.P., McIntyre H.D., Oats J.J., Omori Y., Schmidt M.I. International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups Recommendations on the Diagnosis and Classification of Hyperglycemia in Pregnancy. Diabetes Care, 2010, Vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 676-682.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Metzger B.E., Gabbe S.G., Persson B., Buchanan T.A., Catalano P.A., Damm P., Dyer A.R., Leiva A., Hod M., Kitzmiler J.L., Lowe L.P., McIntyre H.D., Oats J.J., Omori Y., Schmidt M.I. International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups Recommendations on the Diagnosis and Classification of Hyperglycemia in Pregnancy. Diabetes Care, 2010, Vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 676-682.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Musilli C., Paccosi S., Pala L., Gerlini G., Ledda F., Mugelli A., Rotella C.M., Parenti A. Characterization of circulating and monocyte-derived dendritic cells in obese and diabetic patients. Mol. Immunol., 2011, no. 49, pp. 234-238.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Musilli C., Paccosi S., Pala L., Gerlini G., Ledda F., Mugelli A., Rotella C.M., Parenti A. Characterization of circulating and monocyte-derived dendritic cells in obese and diabetic patients. Mol. Immunol., 2011, no. 49, pp. 234-238.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ramsay J.E., Ferrell W.R., Crawford L., Wallace A.M., Greer I.A., Sattar N. Maternal obesity is associated with dysregulation of metabolic, vascular, and inflammatory pathways. J. Endocrinol. Metab., 2002, Vol. 87, pp. 4231- 4237.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ramsay J.E., Ferrell W.R., Crawford L., Wallace A.M., Greer I.A., Sattar N. Maternal obesity is associated with dysregulation of metabolic, vascular, and inflammatory pathways. J. Endocrinol. Metab., 2002, Vol. 87, pp. 4231- 4237.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Retnakaran R., Hanley A.J., Raif N., Connelly P.W., Sermer M., Zinman B. C-reactive protein and gestational diabetes: the central role of maternal obesity. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 2003, Vol. 88, pp. 3507-3512.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Retnakaran R., Hanley A.J., Raif N., Connelly P.W., Sermer M., Zinman B. C-reactive protein and gestational diabetes: the central role of maternal obesity. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 2003, Vol. 88, pp. 3507-3512.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roberts K.A., Riley S.C., Reynolds R.M., Barr S., Evans M., Statham A., Hor K., Jabbour H.N., Norman J.E., Denison F.C. Placental structure and inflammation in pregnancies associated with obesity. Placenta, 2011, Vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 247-254.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roberts K.A., Riley S.C., Reynolds R.M., Barr S., Evans M., Statham A., Hor K., Jabbour H.N., Norman J.E., Denison F.C. Placental structure and inflammation in pregnancies associated with obesity. Placenta, 2011, Vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 247-254.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tsiavou A., Hatziagelaki E., Chaidaroglou A., Koniavitou K., Degiannis D., Raptis S.A. Correlation between intracellular interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production by CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes and IFN-gamma gene polymorphism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). Cytokine, 2005, Vol. 31, pp. 135-141.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tsiavou A., Hatziagelaki E., Chaidaroglou A., Koniavitou K., Degiannis D., Raptis S.A. Correlation between intracellular interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production by CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes and IFN-gamma gene polymorphism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). Cytokine, 2005, Vol. 31, pp. 135-141.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xu A., Zhu W., Li T., Li X., Cheng J., Li C., Yi P., Liu L. Interleukin-10 gene transfer into insulin-producing β cells protects against diabetes in non-obese diabetic mice. Mol. Med. Rep., 2015, Vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 3881-3889.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xu A., Zhu W., Li T., Li X., Cheng J., Li C., Yi P., Liu L. Interleukin-10 gene transfer into insulin-producing β cells protects against diabetes in non-obese diabetic mice. Mol. Med. Rep., 2015, Vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 3881-3889.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
