mimmunМедицинская иммунологияMedical Immunology (Russia)1563-06252313-741XSPb RAACI10.15789/1563-0625-2017-2-111-126mimmun-1216Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSРАЗРАБОТКА ВАКЦИН НА ОСНОВЕ АДЕНОВИРУСНЫХ ВЕКТОРОВ: ОБЗОР ЗАРУБЕЖНЫХ КЛИНИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ (ЧАСТЬ 1)DEVELOPMENT OF VACCINES BASED ON ADENOVIRAL VECTORS: A REVIEW OF FOREIGN CLINICAL STUDIES (PART 1)ЧереноваЛ. В.CherenovaL. V.

к.б.н., научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной биотехнологии

PhD (Biology), Research Associate, Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology

cherenova@yandex.ruКаштигоТ. В.KashtigoT. V.

к.б.н., научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточной микробиологии

PhD (Biology), Research Associate, Laboratory of Cellular Microbiology

cherenova@yandex.ruСаядянХ. С.SaiadianKh. S.

д.м.н., профессор, кафедра фармацевтической технологии и фармакологии

PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Pharmacology

cherenova@yandex.ruШмаровМ. М.ShmarovM. M.

д.б.н., заведующий лабораторией молекулярной биотехнологии

PhD, MD (Biology), Head, Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology

cherenova@yandex.ruФГБУ «Федеральный научно-исследовательский центр эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. почетного академика Н.Ф. Гамалеи» Министерства здравоохранения РФ, МоскваРоссияN. Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, MoscowRussian FederationГБОУ ВПУ «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова» Министерства здравоохранения РФ, МоскваРоссияFirst Moscow I. Sechenov State Medical University, MoscowRussian FederationФГБУ «Федеральный научно-исследовательский центр эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. почетного академика Н.Ф. Гамалеи» Министерства здравоохранения РФ, Москва, РоссияРоссияN. Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, MoscowRussian Federation201705052017192111126Copyright © Черенова Л.В., Каштиго Т.В., Саядян Х.С., Шмаров М.М., 20172017Черенова Л.В., Каштиго Т.В., Саядян Х.С., Шмаров М.М.Cherenova L.V., Kashtigo T.V., Saiadian K.S., Shmarov M.M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/1216Резюме

Резюме. Для многих инфекционных заболеваний, представляющих серьезную опасность для человека, до сих пор не разработаны эффективные способы лечения и профилактики. В настоящее время одним из наиболее действенных и доминирующих способов профилактики массовых вспышек вирусных и бактериальных инфекций является иммунизация населения с помощью вакцин. При этом массовая иммунизация способствует уменьшению количества переносчиков инфекций, что значительно снижает возможность распространения заболеваний. Новейшей разработкой, которая демонстрирует большой потенциал возможного использования, являются генно-инженерные вакцины на основе аденовирусных векторов, многие из которых уже находятся на той или иной стадии клинических испытаний. Генетическая иммунизация с использованием рекомбинантных аденовирусов основана на доставке в клетки человека только генов, кодирующих синтез необходимых антигенов, что позволяет не использовать при получении вакцин живые патогенные вирусы или бактерии, делая при этом технологию получения вакцин универсальной. При этом значительно сокращается время получения вакцинного препарата и, соответственно, разработки и создания новых вакцин, что является важным фактором при угрозе возникновения эпидемий и пандемий. Среди преимуществ аденовирусных векторов – высокая способность к проникновению в клетки человека, способность вызывать как гуморальный, так и клеточный иммунный ответ, при их введении в организм человека происходит достаточно длительная и активная наработка антигенов, безопасность в использовании, простота получения препаративных количеств вакцин. В данном обзоре мы планируем привести сведения о проводимых в настоящее время за рубежом клинических испытаниях вакцин на основе аденовирусных векторов против различных инфекционных заболеваний. Будут рассмотрены параметры отбора добровольцев, участвующих в испытаниях, схемы, используемые при вакцинации, дозы и способы введения препаратов, приведены результаты завершенных экспериментов и предварительные результаты незаконченных на данный момент исследований.

 

 

There are no effective approaches to treatment and prevention of many infectious diseases representing a significant danger to humans. So far, mass vaccine immunization is among the most efficient and widely used approaches to prevent outbreaks of viral and bacterial infections. Mass immunization helps to reduce the number of carriers of infections, thus significantly decreasing probability of infection dissemination. Recent promising developments include genetically engineered vaccines based on adenoviral vectors, many of which are already at various stages of clinical trials. Genetic immunization with recombinant adenovirus-based vaccines allows delivery of the genes encoding only required antigens to human cells, thus allowing avoidance of conventional vaccines, e.g., live pathogenic viruses and bacteria, and providing versatile technologies for vaccine development. These advances significantly reduce the time needed for vaccine production and, respectively, the development and creation of new vaccines, thus being an important factor in decreasing risk of epidemics and pandemics. Advantages of adenoviral vectors include high ability of penetration into human cells, a potential for induction of both humoral and cellular immune response, rather long and active production of antigens following administration of adenoviral vectors into the human, safe usage, ease of obtaining preparative quantities of vaccines. In this review, we provide information about the ongoing worldwide clinical trials of adenoviral vector-based vaccines against various infectious diseases, like as to consider selection parameters of volunteers participating in the testing, vaccination schedule, doses and methods of drug administration, results of completed experiments, and preliminary data on currently ongoing research.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.