mimmunМедицинская иммунологияMedical Immunology (Russia)1563-06252313-741XSPb RAACI10.15789/1563-0625-2017-1-19-26mimmun-1161Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSОСОБЕННОСТИ ДИФФЕРЕНЦИРОВКИ NK-КЛЕТОК: CD56dim И CD56bright NK-КЛЕТКИ ВО ВРЕМЯ И ВНЕ БЕРЕМЕННОСТИPECULIARITIES OF NK CELLS DIFFERENTIATION: CD56dim AND CD56bright NK CELLS AT PREGNANCY AND IN NON-PREGNANT STATEМихайловаВ. А.MikhailovaV. A.

к.б.н., научный сотрудник лаборатории межклеточных взаимодействий отдела иммунологии и межклеточных взаимодействий;

кафедра иммунологии,

Санкт-Петербург

PhD (Biology), Research Associate, Laboratory of Cell Interactions, Department of Immunology and Cell Interactions;

Department оf Immunology,

St. Petersburg

БеляковаК. Л.BelyakovaK. L.

лаборант-исследователь лаборатории межклеточных взаимодействий отдела иммунологии и межклеточных взаимодействий,

Санкт-Петербург

Laboratory Assistant, Laboratory of Cell Interactions, Department of Immunology and Cell Interactions, 

St. Petersburg

СельковС. А.SelkovS. A.

д.м.н., профессор, заслуженный деятель науки, заведующий отделом иммунологии и межклеточных взаимодействий,

Санкт-Петербург

PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Honored Scientist, Head, Department of Immunology and Cell Interactions, 

St. Petersburg

СоколовД. И.SokolovD. I.

д.б.н., заведующий лабораторией межклеточных взаимодействий отдела иммунологии и межклеточных взаимодействий, 199034, Санкт-Петербург, Менделеевская линия, 3;

кафедра иммунологии;

ведущий научный сотрудник отдела иммунологии 

PhD, MD (Biology), Head, Laboratory of Cell Interactions, Department of Immunology and Cell Interactions, 199034, St. Petersburg, Mendeleevskaya Line, 3;

Department оf Immunology;

Leading Research Associate, Department оf Immunology

falcojugger@yandex.ruФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт акушерства, гинекологии и репродуктологии имени Д.О. Отта»; ГБОУ ВПО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения РФРоссияD. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology; The First St. Petersburg I. Pavlov State Medical UniversityRussian FederationФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт акушерства, гинекологии и репродуктологии имени Д.О. Отта»РоссияD. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and ReproductologyRussian FederationФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт акушерства, гинекологии и репродуктологии имени Д.О. Отта»; ГБОУ ВПО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения РФ; ФГБНУ «Институт экспериментальной медицины»РоссияD. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology; The First St. Petersburg I. Pavlov State Medical University; Institute of Experimental MedicineRussian Federation2017230120171911926Copyright © Михайлова В.А., Белякова К.Л., Сельков С.А., Соколов Д.И., 20172017Михайлова В.А., Белякова К.Л., Сельков С.А., Соколов Д.И.Mikhailova V.A., Belyakova K.L., Selkov S.A., Sokolov D.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/1161

NK-клетки представляют собой лимфоциты, способные к контактному цитолизу вирус- инфицированных клеток и опухолевых клеток и являющиеся источником цитокинов, стимулирующих другие клетки иммунной системы и способствующих развитию иммунного ответа. Дифференцировка NK-клеток связана с последовательным приобретением стволовыми клетками специфичных для NK-клеток рецепторов и становлением функциональных характеристик натуральных киллеров. Целью настоящего обзора было рассмотрение CD56dim и CD56bright популяций NK-клеток в процессе их дифференцировки. В обзоре описаны поверхностные рецепторы NK-клеток и экспрессия ими транскрипционных факторов на разных стадиях дифференцировки, представлена сравнительная характеристика данных о влиянии цитокинов и клеток микроокружения на процесс дифференцировки NK-клеток, рассмотрено явление существования NK-клеток, подобных клеткам памяти. Особый интерес представляет дифференцировка NK-клеток матки, так как эти клетки являются особой популяцией NK-клеток, которая преобладает среди лимфоцитов децидуальной оболочки при беременности и принимает участие в процессе образования и ремоделирования плаценты. В обзоре рассмотрены особенности дифференцировки NK-клеток матки, учитывая возможность образования этой популяции NK-клеток как из NK-клеток периферической крови, так и пролиферации in situ. Изучение особенностей функционального состояния NK-клеток матки позволит в дальнейшем приблизиться к пониманию роли NK-клеток при беременности и нарушению оказываемой NK-клетками регуляции в зоне маточно-плацентарного контакта при патологии беременности.

Natural killer (NK) cells represent a lymphocyte subpopulation which is capable of contact cytolysis of virus-infected cells and tumor cells, being a source of cytokines which stimulate other immune cells and promote immune response. NK cell differentiation is connected with a consequent acquisition of specific NK cell receptors by stem cells and formation of functional characteristics inherent to natural killer cells. The aim of this review was to describe the CD56dim and CD56bright populations of NK cells in the course of their differentiation. The authors describe NK surface receptors and expression of transcription factors at various steps of the NK differentiation. We present comparative characteristics of data concerning cytokines and cellular microenvironment influence upon NK cell differentiation, and examine a phenomenon of existing memory-like NK cells. Uterine NK cell differentiation is of special interest, since these cells represent a special NK cell population which prevails among decidual lymphocytes during pregnancy and participates in the process of placental formation and development. This review considers some features of uterine NK cell differentiation, taking into account a possibility of formation of this NK cell population from both peripheral blood NK pool, and in situ proliferation. Moreover, functional studies of the uterine NK cells allow to get closer to understanding the role of NK cells during pregnancy and abnormality of utero-placental bed regulation by NK cells in cases of pregnancy failure.

NK-клеткидифференцировкабеременностьповерхностные рецепторыцитокиныNK-клетки маткидецидуальные NK-клеткиNK cellsdifferentiationpregnancycell surface receptorscytokinesuterine NK cellsdecidual NK cellsReferencesМихайлова В.А., Онохина Я.С., Сельков С.А., Соколов Д.И. Экспрессия адгезионных молекул и хе- мокиновых рецепторов NK-клетками периферической крвои при беременности // Иммунология, 2011. Т. 32, № 2. С. 78-81. [Mikhailova V.A., Onokhina Ya.S., Selkov S.A., Sokolov D.I. Expression of adhesion molecules and chemokine receptors by peripheral blood NK-cells in pregnancy. Immunologiya = Immunology, 2011, Vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 78-81. (In Russ.)]Михайлова В.А., Онохина Я.С., Сельков С.А., Соколов Д.И. Экспрессия адгезионных молекул и хе- мокиновых рецепторов NK-клетками периферической крвои при беременности // Иммунология, 2011. Т. 32, № 2. С. 78-81. [Mikhailova V.A., Onokhina Ya.S., Selkov S.A., Sokolov D.I. Expression of adhesion molecules and chemokine receptors by peripheral blood NK-cells in pregnancy. Immunologiya = Immunology, 2011, Vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 78-81. (In Russ.)]Михайлова В.А., Сельков С.А., Соколов Д.И. Фенотипические и функциональные характеристики NK-клеток при беременности // Акушерство и гинекология, 2011. № 5. С.4-9. [Mikhailova V.A., Selkov S.A., Sokolov D.I. Phenotypical and functional characteristics of NK cells in pregnancy. Akusherstvo i ginekologiya = Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2011, no. 5, pp. 4-9. (In Russ.)]Михайлова В.А., Сельков С.А., Соколов Д.И. Фенотипические и функциональные характеристики NK-клеток при беременности // Акушерство и гинекология, 2011. № 5. С.4-9. [Mikhailova V.A., Selkov S.A., Sokolov D.I. Phenotypical and functional characteristics of NK cells in pregnancy. Akusherstvo i ginekologiya = Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2011, no. 5, pp. 4-9. (In Russ.)]Ярилин А.А. Иммунология. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2010. 752 c. [Yarilin A.A. Immunology]. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.